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元旦标语范文1
1.牢固确立科学发展观，在科学发展中率先发展
2.汇聚百川、服务两港、创新开拓、勇立潮头
3.抢抓新机遇，增创新优势，再创新辉煌
4.装点天下商通四海，业精于勤日日高升
5.年年岁岁花不同，岁岁朝朝人依在
6.在新的一年新的开始新的起点新的征程
7.祝全体员工元旦节快乐
8.张灯结彩迎新年，齐心协力谱新篇
9.在歌声中欢度元旦，在元旦中享受歌声
10.张灯结彩欢度佳节，齐心协力共创伟业
11.城市，让生活更美好
12.坚持科学发展和谐发展，努力把南汇建设成为民富区强、文明和谐的现代化海港新城
13.建设社会主义新农村，共创南汇美好家园
14.坚持党的群众路线，全心全意为人民服务
15.新年伊始，向各行各业的建设者致敬
16.新年快乐,佳节如意!
17.迎元旦，庆新春
18.欢度春节，祝福万家
19.迎新年，讲文明，树新风，促和谐
20.以科学发展观统领全局，推动南汇经济社会又好又快发展
21.世界文明的盛会，我们大家的世博
22.祝大家新年快乐!
23.以我文明新貌，共庆新春佳节，喜迎世博盛会
24.文明的城市、欢庆的佳节，美好的生活
25.喜迎元旦佳节
26.抢抓新机遇，争创新优势，再创新辉煌
27.汇聚百川、服务两港、创新开拓、勇立潮头
28.与时俱进弘扬南汇精神，万众一心构建和谐港城
29.以党的xx大精神为指导，抓住机遇，奋发有为，开创南汇现代化事业新局面
30.聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展
工厂迎新年标语:
31.张灯结彩喜迎新年齐心协力共谱新篇
32.和气吉祥岁岁安康四季平安年年如意祝大家新年快乐!
33.欢欢喜喜迎龙年，安全赢利又一年!
34.恭祝全厂员工新年快乐幸福安康如意吉祥
35.企业迎新年的标语或对联:
36.谋发展公司同仁齐心协力建旷世奇功
37.运筹帷幄雄心开创千秋业
38.达权知变妙笔描绘万代春
39.横批财源广进
40.大吉大利过新年，事业成功辉煌年!
41.年年顺景财源广岁岁平安福寿多
幼儿园迎新年标语
42.一干二净除旧习五讲四美树新风
43.春*明媚山河披锦绣华夏腾飞祖国万年轻
44.五更分两年年年称心一夜连两岁岁岁如意
公司新年横幅标语:
45.xxx公司恭贺全体员工新春愉快阖家欢乐
46.xxx公司恭祝大家新年快乐身体健康
47.XX公司祝全体员工元旦快乐!龙年大吉!
48.喜迎龙年!欢度新年!再接再励!再创辉煌!
49.公司祝各位同仁：新年好!
元旦标语范文2
guitar.吉他
sing.唱;唱歌
swim游泳
dance.跳舞;舞蹈
draw.画
chess.国际象棋
play chess 下国际象棋
speak.说;说话
speak English 说英语
join参加;加入
club.俱乐部;社团
be good at… 擅长于……
tell讲述;告诉
story故事;小说
write.写作，写字
show.演出;表演展示
or conj.或者
talk说话;谈话
talk to … 跟……说
kungfu(中国)功夫
drum鼓
play the drums 敲鼓
piano.钢琴
play the piano 弹钢琴
violin小提琴
play the violin 拉小提琴
also adv也;而且
people人;人们 home 家，活动本部
adv到家;在家
be good with… 善于应付……的;对……有办法
make使成为;制造
make friends 结交朋友
today adv.在今天
help with在某方面帮助(某人)
center(=centre)中心，中央
weekend.周末
on the weekend. (在)周末
teach教，讲授
musician音乐家
Lisa 莉萨(女名)
元旦标语范文3
1. i have two _______ (dictionary).one is english-chinese dictionary, and the other is chinese-english dictionary.
2. a: what’s the result of the race, mary?
b: jane is the ____ (one) in the race, barbara is the ____ (two) and i am the _____ (three).
3. the yellow river is the second _______ (long) river in china.
4. the boy is old enough to __________ (dress) himself.
5. the weather in beijing is quite ___________ (difference) from that in guangzhou.
6. i’m very _______ (interest) in that _________ (interest) story.
7. it’s more _________ (convenience) to take a taxi to the station than take a bus, but too expensive.
8. be careful! put the secret letter in a _________ (safety) place.
9. lucy is _________ (jealousy) of her friend’s beauty.
10. liu xiang and yang liwei are _________ (hero) in different fields.
二、试试你的判断力，选择正确答案。
( ) 1. everyone in our class_____.
a. enjoys to swim b. enjoy to swim c. enjoys swimming d. enjoy swimming
( ) 2.both you and i ___ wrong.
a. was b. am c. were d. is
( ) 3. they ____ many happy hours ____ along the beach during that holiday.
a. spend, walking b. spent, walking c. cost , walking d. gave, walking
( ) 4. john ____interested in chinese two years ago.
a. is b. became c. are d. were
( ) 5. ______ adults began to learn english in this small town.
a. thousand of b. thousands of c. thousand from d. thousands from
( ) 6. which one has the same meaning as “take your time”?
a. take it easy b. no hurry c. hurry up d. be quick
( ) 7. can you tell me ____________?
a. how much does it cost b. how much it is
c. how much it costs d. both b and c
( ) 8. yao ming is a _____ boy who is helping the houston rockets in nba.
a.2.16-metres-tall b. 2.26-metre-tall c. 2.16 metres tall d. 2.26 metres
( ) 9. he was ____by her beauty.
a. fascinate b. fascinated c. fascination d. fascinates
元旦标语范文4
关键词：凋亡蛋白质；原核表达；可溶性；纯化；稳定性
中图分类号：Q786文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-979X(2008)03-0007-05
Expression, Purification and Activity Detection in vitro of Apoptin
FU Wen-bing1, SHI Xuan1, ZHAO Jian1*, FAN Li-qiang1, LI Su-xia, WANG Fu-jun2, SONG Yu-wen1, YUAN Qing-sheng1
(1. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; 2. Zhejiang Rishengchang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Zhejiang 322100, China)
Abstract ：Objective To construct an soluble expression system in E. coli for apoptin which was encoded by VP3 gene of chicken anemia virus (CAV), and study the purification and stabilization of apoptin. Methods The VP3 gene was amplified by PCR , then the segment was inserted into pET-28a (+) and the expression vector pET-28a-VP3 was constructed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant soluble protein was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3)and purified by Ni-NTA column chromatography. The stability of apoptin was analyzed under different conditions. Results The target protein was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The purity of apoptin was beyond 90 %after purification. The target protein was better stabilized by carrageenan in E.coli BL21(DE3). Conclusion Apoptin with high purity and stability can be successfully obtained, which do a base of the further study on clinic application of apoptin.
Key words：apoptin; prokaryotic expression; solubility; purification; stability
凋亡蛋白质是鸡贫血病毒（CAV）的VP3基因编码的小分子蛋白质，由121个氨基酸组成，含有2个脯氨酸富含区和2个碱性区，近N端（33～44a）含有一个11个氨基酸组成的核运输序列（NES），靠近C端（84～90，112～118）含有2个核定位序列（NLS）。
Noteborn等[1]研究揭示，凋亡蛋白质能够诱导人的肝癌、淋巴瘤、白血病、乳腺癌、肺癌等多种癌细胞的凋亡，以及转化细胞的凋亡，但对未转化的人双倍体细胞无损伤[2]。凋亡蛋白质的核定位可能是其诱发细胞凋亡的前提之一[3]。凋亡蛋白质选择性诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡不同于通常的凋亡机制，它不是通过半胱天冬酶级联反应进行的，不需要p53参与，也不被bcl-2的过表达抑制，反而能被bcl-2所促进[4]。由于大部分肿瘤细胞具有p53突变或缺失，这种非p53依赖性使凋亡蛋白质作为抗肿瘤药物有很好的前景。
在许多关于凋亡蛋白质表达和纯化的研究中，凋亡蛋白质多以包涵体形式表达。本实验以pET-28a为载体进行凋亡蛋白质的原核表达，尝试不同的诱导条件及纯化方法，找到了可溶性目的蛋白质表达的条件，用金属螯合层析法直接纯化得到较高得率的活性目的蛋白质，并研究其稳定性。本研究对凋亡蛋白质作为肿瘤治疗药物应用于临床具有积极意义。
1材料和方法
1.1质粒、菌株和试剂
含有凋亡蛋白质全长基因的质粒pET-11a-VP3（浙江日升昌药业有限公司提供）；质粒pET-28a和菌株BL21(DE3)等（本实验室保存）；低相对分子质量蛋白质和DNA Mark（Sigma公司）；IPTG（异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷）（BBI分装）；SDS（十二烷基磺酸钠）（Amresco分装）；限制性内切酶、T4-连接酶、Taq酶（MBI公司）；其它化学试剂均为国产分析纯。
1.2原核表达重组质粒的构建
VP3基因来源于pET-11a-VP3质粒。PCR引物分别为P1：5’-AATTTCAAC ATATGAACG CTCTCCAAG-3’；P2：5’- CGTCGGATCCTATT ACAGTCTTATACGC-3’。分别引入NdeI和BamHI位点。PCR产物经NdeI和BamHI双酶切后，回收的VP3基因片段与经同样双酶切的质粒pET-28a连接和转化。抽提质粒，用BamHI和NdeI对重组质粒进行双酶切鉴定得到阳性重组质粒。
1.3凋亡蛋白质的原核表达及纯化
1.3.1凋亡蛋白质的表达与鉴定将含有重组质粒pET-28a-VP3的BL21(DE3)菌株接种于LB培养基中，37 ℃培养过夜，次日按1∶100的比例稀释后放大培养，至一定菌体浓度时，加入适量IPTG诱导培养，离心收集菌体。
SDS-PAGE分析 12 % SDS-PAGE电泳，电压100 V，待样品即将进入分离胶时，调节至120 V。电泳后凝胶用考马斯亮蓝溶液（45 %甲醇，10 %乙酸，0.25 %考马斯亮蓝R 250）染色。
1.3.2可溶性目的蛋白质的纯化将新鲜菌体按1∶5（W∶V）的比例用Tris-HCl缓冲液（10 mmol/L Tris-HCl，10 %甘油，pH 8.5）重悬，保持在冰浴中，超声破碎至菌液澄清。4 ℃，10 000×g离心20 min，取上清，Ni-NTA Agarose 金属亲和树脂（Qiagen公司）分离纯化。将上清液加入经Tris-HCl缓冲液平衡的Ni-NTA 介质中，4 ℃结合60 min。将混合物小心加入下端封闭的层析柱后，除去下端封盖，收集流出液（穿出峰）。以15 mL含20 mmol/L咪唑的磷酸缓冲液漂洗后，再分别以15 mL含40，60，100，200 mmol/L咪唑的磷酸缓冲液洗脱目的蛋白质。分别收集洗脱组分，进行SDS-PAGE鉴定，Bradford法测定蛋白质浓度，凝胶扫描软件分析纯度。
1.4凋亡蛋白质溶液稳定性研究
将重组表达的凋亡蛋白质于4 ℃放置3 d后，取样进行SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定，对照3 d前样品观察凋亡蛋白质在溶液状态中的稳定性。通过改变离子强度（增加NaCl浓度）和添加不同稳定剂来增加凋亡蛋白质的稳定性。
2结果
2.1重组表达质粒的构建
以pET-11a-VP3为模板扩增PCR，得到预期大小的目的片断。切胶回收后双酶切（BamHI＋NdeI），酶切产物与同样双酶切的pET28a连接。连接产物转化E.coli DH5α，用BamHI和NdeI双酶切鉴定重组质粒（见图1），得到了含有400 bp目的片段的阳性克隆，与预期结果相同。经上海生工生物公司测序验证构建好的pET-28a-VP3，序列正确，并使凋亡蛋白质的N端带有His-Tag，为目标蛋白质的纯化提供了条件。
2.2重组蛋白质的表达
为了提高重组蛋白质的表达量，本实验研究了IPTG的浓度。当菌体密度到达约A600 0.6时，加入IPTG至终浓度分别为0.2，0.5，1 mmol/L，30 ℃诱导表达5 h，见图3。
由图3可见，经1 mmol/L IPTG诱导后表达量较高，目标蛋白质相对分子质量约16×103，与预期大小一致。
2.3可溶性凋亡蛋白质的纯化
诱导表达后菌体破碎离心，上清液用目的蛋白质N端的6×His咪唑基团与镍离子特异性结合，金属螯合层析法分离纯化，得到较纯的目的条带。经SDS-PAGE电泳扫描分析，纯度高于90 % ，见图4。蛋白质浓度测定表明每克湿菌体可以到0.49 mg凋亡蛋白质。
2.4凋亡蛋白质的稳定性研究
实验中发现凋亡蛋白质在溶液中不稳定，极易沉淀。实验中分别取IPTG诱导后样品立即进行SDS-PAGE分析，第3天再进行1次SDS-PAGE分析，见图5-A、5-B。
1. 低相对分子质量标准蛋白； 2，3. 放置2 d后目标蛋白质
图5-A. 诱导的菌体取样后立即SDS-PAGE，1和2 皆为目标蛋白质；图5-B. 诱导的菌体2 d后SDS-PAGE
图5 凋亡蛋白质SDS-PAGE稳定性分析
图5-A. 诱导的菌体取样后立即SDS-PAGE，1和2 皆为目标蛋白质；图5-B. 诱导的菌体2 d后SDS-PAGE
诱导的菌体取样后立即SDS-PAGE分析，可以看到目的蛋白质的表达条带清晰；2 d后SDS-PAGE分析，几乎观察不到目的蛋白质条带，推测凋亡蛋白质随着储存时间延长发生了聚合。这说明可溶性表达的凋亡蛋白质在溶液状态中易形成沉淀，一般2～3 d就发生大量聚集。因此有必要进行可溶性蛋白质的稳定性研究。
将表达得到的目的蛋白质分别保存于高、中、低3种不同盐浓度的缓冲液中，观察其稳定性。低盐溶液：20 mmol/L Tris.HCl缓冲液；中盐溶液：80 mmol/L NaCl、20 mmol/L Tris.HCl；高盐溶液：300 mmol/L NaCl、20 mmol/L Tris.HCl。pH值均为8.0。
实验表明，凋亡蛋白质在低盐溶液中不稳定，在超滤过程中即有大量沉淀析出。分别取高盐溶液和中盐溶液中4 ℃保存48 h前、后的样品，分析上清蛋白质浓度。2次重复实验结果表明，高盐蛋白质浓度平均降低16 %，中盐溶液中平均降低34 %。推测高盐环境更有利于凋亡蛋白质的稳定。
进一步研究，于缓冲液中加入各种稳定剂（最终浓度0.1 %）：阿拉伯树胶、卡拉胶、瓜豆尔胶、CMC（羧甲基纤维素钠）、明胶、高酯果胶、魔芋胶、黄原胶等，观察是否有利于重组凋亡蛋白质的稳定性。以上样品4 ℃保存7 d后离心得到的上清经SDS-PAGE分析，结果见图6。
1. 对照；2. 阿拉伯树胶；3. 卡拉胶；4. 瓜豆尔胶5.CMC；M. 低相对分子质量标准蛋白质；6. 明胶；7. 高酯果胶；8. 魔芋胶；9. 黄原胶
图6 添加剂对凋亡蛋白质稳定性的作用分析
图5-A. 诱导的菌体取样后立即SDS-PAGE，1和2 皆为目标蛋白质；图5-B. 诱导的菌体2 d后SDS-PAGE
实验结果表明，在高盐缓冲液中加入卡拉胶，目标蛋白质几乎没有沉淀，卡拉胶可以有效增强可溶性蛋白质的稳定性。
3讨论
本实验构建了表达质粒pET-28a-VP3，并在E. coli BL21(DE3) 中获得表达，用Ni-NTA柱纯化目标蛋白质。由于稀有密码子占VP3基因氨基酸序列组成的25 %左右，为了提高表达量，本实验选用严紧型表达宿主菌BL21(DE3)pLysS及促进富含稀有密码子的基因表达的Rosetta菌株表达目的蛋白质。实验结果（数据未列出）表明，Rosetta菌株中目的蛋白质的表达量并未增加，说明稀有密码子不是限制其表达量提高的因素。BL21(DE3)pLysS目的蛋白质的表达量也没有明显变化，表明目标产物对细胞无毒性或毒性很小。由于凋亡蛋白质稳定性差，其稳定性对于其临床应用至关重要。本实验通过改变溶液的离子强度及添加稳定剂来增加目标蛋白质的稳定性[5]，高盐缓冲液中加入卡拉胶可以有效增强凋亡蛋白质的稳定性[6]。本实验为在原核生物中进行目标蛋白质的表达和分离纯化，以及稳定性研究提供了简易可行的途径，为凋亡蛋白质的进一步药理研究奠定了基础。
参考文献
[1]Noteborn H M, Danen-van Oorschot A A, Vandereb A J. The apoptin gene of chicken anemia virus in the induction of apoptosis in human tumorigenic cells and in gene therapy of cancer[J]. In:Boulikas T. ed. Gene Ther Mol Biol. 1998: 399-406
[2]Danen-van Oorschot A A, Fisher D F, Grimbergen J M, et al. Apoptin induces apoptosis in human transformed and m alignant cells but not in normal cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1997, 94 (11): 5834.
[3]Zhang Y H, Abrahams P J, Vandereb A J, et al. The viral protein apoptin induces apoptosis in UV-C- irradiated cells from individuals with various hereditary cancer- prone syndromes[J]. Cancer Res, 1999, 59 (12): 3010-3015.
[4]Noteborn M H, Zhang Y H, Vandereb A J. Apoptin specifically causes apoptosis in tumor cell and after UV-treatment in untransformed cells from cancer-pron individuals: areview[J]. Mutat Res, 1998, 400(1-2): 447.
元旦标语范文5
关键词 跳表示；滤波电路；滤波电容；雷击
中图分类号：U262 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1671-7597（2014）13-0183-01
道岔控制表示单元是铁路信号微机联锁系统的重要元器件，在道岔控制电路中起着控制道岔转换、锁闭和给出表示的作用，其运行的可靠性直接影响信号系统的可靠性和安全性。每一组道岔均对应一台控制表示单元，山钢集团莱芜分公司运输部6套微机联锁系统，共应用控制表示单元310台。在设备维护中我们发现，道岔控制表示单元常出现的故障有“跳表示”和雷击两种，占总故障的80%以上。为保障设备的稳定运行，降低故障率，同时做好设备修旧利废工作，使故障的元器件得到重新利用，我们对其进行深入分析和研究。
1 表示电路原理分析
道岔控制表示单元电路分三部分，控制电路、转换锁闭电路和表示电路。三部分电路除共用电源外，电路部分彼此独立，工作状态互不影响。“跳表示”故障发生在表示电路，雷击故障大多数只击坏表示电路，故对表示电路进行深入分析。
道岔表示电路原理图如图1。
图1 道岔表示电路原理图
由图可以看出，此电路由上下对称两部分组成，下半部分为定位表示电路，上半部分为反位表示电路，电源由53输入，道岔在定位时，53、63有30 V的交流表示电源，在反位时53、51有30 V的交流表示电源，两路电源分别通过两个滤波电路，分别给光耦TLP521-2和固态继电器K2提供电源。工作正常时，定位表示电由62输出，反位表示电由52输出。
当道岔处在定位时，30 V的交流表示电由53、63输入后，经过D4和D26单相整流，和C2、C20的电容滤波，原来的交流电变成直流供下一级电路使用。D26和C20整流滤波后，24V直流电送到K2继电器线圈两端，K2得电吸起；D4和C2整流滤波后的6V电源送到光耦TLP521-2工作，经过电阻R4分压后，1、2端电压1.2 V左右，使内部发光二极管导通发光，内部三极管7、8耦合导通，使KZ24V电源经过继电器K2的9、13和K1的6、4接点到达62，经62输出到微机联锁主机，使主机能够辨识定位表示，通过显示器显示。
当道岔处在反位时，原理与定位相同。
2 故障原因分析与处理
1）“跳表示”故障。经过以上电路分析，表示电路的正常工作与滤波电路、光耦TLP521-2及固态继电器的性能有关。用万用表反复测量，确定光耦TLP521-2、OMRON24V固态继电器及周围电阻电容等元件均状态良好，无烧损、短路或断路情况。查找光耦TLP521-2参数资料，其输入端典型工作电压和转换电流为5V 16 mA，最大25 mA。D3、D4为1N4735A，1W6.2V稳压二极管，R4、R5由以下公式确定其阻值：
R=（U-U二极管×3）/I =（6.2-0.7×3）/0.016≈256 Ω
由色标确认R4、R5阻值为220Ω，接近256Ω。使用220 Ω电阻时，电路中电流为：
I=（U-U二极管×3）/ R=（6.2-0.7×3）/220=0.0164=16.4 mA
电路中电流接近典型值，因此，R4、R5电阻选择适当。
故障的发生还可能与滤波电路的设计有关，则内部三极管7、8导通不正常，而控制光耦TLP521-2耦合导通的电源来自前级的滤波电容和稳压二极管C2、 D4和C1、D3，滤波电容C1和C2容量的大小与充放电能力直接影响光耦内二极管的导通，从而也间接影响了三极管的导通，故障原因可能出现在与滤波电容的选择上，于是重新核算C1、C2电容容量。
在滤波电路中电容的选择应遵循以下公式：
C≥（3-5）T/2R
R为电路负载电阻，R≈R4=R5=220 Ω
T为50 Hz工频电路，T=1/50=0.02 s
经计算得出：C≥136-227uf
因此，原来应用的100uf的电容容量太低，长时间使用后，容量还会下降，滤波电压不稳定，进而造成供给光耦输入端的电压不稳定，当二极管发光较弱时，三极管不能导通。输出端电压不稳定，经过其导通输出的KZ24V电压时有时无，就造成道岔表示的闪烁，形成了道岔“跳表示”故障。
在滤波电容C的选择上，容量应越大越好，越大输出电压的波形变得更为平滑、起伏更小，滤波电压更稳定，但在电路接通瞬间，电路中所产生的冲击电流太大，对电路中其它元器件会造成损坏。因此，C1，C2选择容量220uf耐压值25 V的电解电容即可。
基于以上原因分析，我们对故障的18台道岔控制表示单元进行了维修，将C1、C2均更换为220uf的大容量电容，更换后贴好标签，做好标记，送信号楼微机联锁道岔柜进行应用试验，重点监督运行状态，使用一个月未再发生“跳表示”故障，由此断定，原因分析和解决措施是正确的。以后陆续对同批次的道岔控制表示单元电容进行了更换，“跳表示”故障未在出现。
2）雷击故障。通过对十几台被雷击的道岔控制表示单元的研究分析发现，多数都是击坏表示电路元件，雷电沿道岔控制线X3进入设备内部，击坏元件如下：①击坏光电耦合器521-2P，输入端二极管短路，外壳崩裂，元件无法再用；②击坏整流滤波元件D3、D25或D4、D26，二极管短路，光电耦合器521-2P没有输入电源，不能工作；③击坏R5、D5，光电耦合器前级电阻和定、反位表示灯，电路无法工作，无法给出表示。
我们对雷击损坏的元器件进行了更换，对修复的控制表示单元进行综合电气参数测试后，送信号楼在道岔机柜上进行应用试验，确认合格后贴标签备用。
3 结束语
“跳表示”故障的发生与厂家供应的设备质量有关，为此对同批次所有控制表示单元进行了检查，对所有C1、C2使用小容量的控制表示单元进行了更换，与厂家联系退回，协商赔偿损失。同时联系厂家对设备设计、安装及元器件应用进行再检查，防止此类问题发生。
同时探索在道岔控制电路X3中加装雷电防护装置，当雷电发生时进行有效的隔离和放电，防止雷电窜入击坏设备。
元旦标语范文6
Ⅰ. 词汇
A. 根据句意及首字母提示,写出下列各句空白处所缺的单词｡
1. You should drink p_____of water. It’s good for your health.
2. Helen is a scientist. She has been doing her r_____work for many years.
3. It’s not polite to talk loudly in p.
4. Don’t talk only. I want all of you to find some s_____to the problems we have to face tomorrow.
5. What would you do if you won a lot of money in the sports l?
B. 用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空｡
1. Let’s_____ ourselves into two groups.
2. They_____ Betty to have dinner with them for the Spring Festival yesterday.
3. I’d like to_____ her to you.
4. What’s the matter with you? Are you in_____?
5. The government should solve these_____ problems.
6. Tom hopes that his mother is his good_____.
7. The weather is_____ good. Why not go out for a walk?
8. If you really want to help her, what about_____ a good idea for her?
9. I’m sorry for_____ school.
10. If I_____ you, I’d take some fruits to see her mother.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. There’re_____ people in this city.
A. two millions of B. two million
C. million of D. two million of
2. The young woman has so many dresses, so she doesn’t know_____ every morning.
A. which to wear B. how to wear
C. what to put on D. how to put on
3. What would you do if you cut yourself_____ accident?
A. with B. at C. by D. in
4. ―All of my friends have said they will come.
―_____ they do not come?
A. Even if B. What if C. How if D. Why if
5. After a day’s long walk, I was_____ to walk any further.
A. too tired B. tired enough C. so tired D. fairly tired
6. His parents don’t let him_____ a pet. What should he do?
A. have B. to have C. has D. had
7. James is_____, and he is hardly ever tired.
A. outgoing B. confindent C. creative D. energetic
8. Our teacher asked us_____ afraid of talking in public.
A. not to B. to be not C. not be D. not to be
9. Let’s wait for her_____ to us.
A. introduce herself B. introducing her
C. to introduce her D. to introduce herself
10. He is so confindent that_____ he annoys others.
A. some time B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times
11. Amy is very friendly. She is easy to_____.
A. catch up with B. get along
C. go on with D. get along with
12. I_____ read some good books than watch a bad TV program.
A. would rather B. would like
C. had better D. prefer to
13. This doesn’t trouble him_____.
A. at the most B. the slightest
C. at the slightest D. in the slightest
14. The public_____ not always right.
A. are B. is C. am D. be
15. The number of people invited_____ fifty, but a number of them_____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
Ⅲ. 句型转换按照括号内的要求改写下列句子｡每空限填一词｡
1. I don’t want to play football in the slightest. (改为同义句)
I don’t want to play football__________.
2. “Can my friends be in the movie?” he asked.(改为带宾语从句的主从复合句)
He asked_____ his friends_____ be in the movie.
3. If there is no air, people can’t live.(改为简单句)
People can_____ live_____ air.
4. I’ll fly to Paris if I have a lot of money.(改为虚拟语气的句子)
I__________ to Paris if I_____ a lot of money.
5. The girl looks very shy.(对划线部分提问)
__________the girl_____?
Ⅳ. 汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子｡每空限填一词｡
1. 如果他是你的话,他就不会上学迟到｡
If he_____ you, he_______________ late for school.
2. 他宁愿呆在家里看书也不愿去参加晚会｡
He’d_____ stay at home and read a book_____ go to the party.
3. 她在考试中总是名列前茅｡
She always__________ in exams.
4. 别让你父母失望,他们想让你成为最棒的｡
Don’t_____ your parents_____, they want you to be the best one.
5. 我弟弟常常未经允许就和朋友们外出了｡
My brother often went out with his friends__________.
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Overhead bridges can be seen in many parts of Singapore, especially in the places where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is 1.
These bridges can make people cross roads safely. Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossing.
They are more efficient(效率高的), 2 less convenient because people have to climb up a lot of steps. This is inconvenient to the old. When people 3 an overhead bridge, they do not hold up traffic. But when they cross a 4 road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is why the government has built many overhead bridges to help people and 5 traffic moving at the same time.
The government of Singapore has 6 a lot of money building these bridges. For their own safety, people should be encouraged to use them 7 rushing across the road. Old people may find it a little 8 to climb up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road 9 all the moving traffic.
Overhead bridges are very useful. People, both old and young, should 10 use them. This will stop accidents from happening.
1. A. noisy B. not safe C. crowded D. not busy
2. A. though B. or C. if D. till
3. A. pass B. use C. visit D. build
4. A. wide B. narrow C. busy D. free
5. A. see B. keep C. find D. feel
6. A. used B. made C. spent D. borrowed
7. A. full of B. fond of C. in spite of D. instead of
8. A. difficult B. different C. worried D. excited
9. A. past B. along C. about D. with
10. A. almost B. always C. nearly D. hardly
Ⅵ. 阅读理解
(A)
The zipper is a wonderful invention. How did people ever live without zippers? Zippers are very common, so we forget that they are wonderful. They are very strong, but they open and close very easily. They come in many colors and sizes.
In the 1890s, people in the United States wore high shoes with a long row of buttons, too. People wanted an easier way to put on and take off clothes.
Whitcomb L. Judson invented the zipper in 1893. He was an engineer in Chicago. He called the zipper a slide fastener. However, it didn’t stay closed very well. This was not satisfactory, and people didn’t buy many of them. Then Dr Gideon Sundback from Sweden solved this problem.
A zipper has three parts: 1. There are dozens of metal or plastic hooks(called teeth) in two rows. 2. These hooks are fixed to two strips of cloth. The cloth strips can bend easily. 3. A fastener slides along and fixes the hooks together. When it slides the other way, it takes the hooks apart.
Dr Sundback put the hooks on the strips of cloth, and therefore held all the hooks in place. They don’t come apart very easily. This solved the problem of the first zippers.
1. Zippers are better than buttons because_____.
A. they are much stronger
B. they have more colors and sizes
C. they open and close more easily
D. they stay closed much better
2. A zipper stays closed when its fastener_____.
A. takes the hooks apart B. slides along the hooks
C. fastens the hooks together D. holds some hooks in place
3. The problem of the first zippers was that_____.
A. people didn’t buy many of them
B. they were very expensive
C. they didn’t close easily
D. they came apart very easily
4. Dr Sundback solved the problem of the first zippers by_____.
A. fixing the hooks on two cloth strips
B. fixing a slide fastener to the two cloth strips
C. fixing the two cloth strips in the proper position
D. fixing dozens of metal hooks in two rows
5. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A. A zipper has hooks, cloth strips, and a slide fastener.
B. People didn’t like the first zippers.
C. Mr Judson and Dr Sundback gave us a wonderful invention, the zipper.
D. Zippers are very common and wonderful.
(B)
Lawn(草地) tennis is a good sport, being based on the ancient game of court tennis, which came up in Egypt or Persia some 2,500 years ago. Walter Wingfield thought that something like court tennis could be played outdoors on lawns, and in December 1873, he introduced his new game, which he called Sphairistike, at lawn party in Wales. The sport became popular very rapidly, but the strange, difficult name disappeared almost at once, being replaced by the very simple and logical(符合逻辑的) term “lawn tennis”. In 1874 the game was being played by British soldiers in Bermuda, and in the early months of that year a young lady named Mary Outerbridge returned from Bermuda to New York, bringing with her the equipment necessary to play the new game. With the help of one of her brothers, she laid out a court on the grounds of the Staten Island Cricket and Baseball Club, and then, in the spring of 1874, Miss Outerbridge and some of her friends played the first game of lawn tennis in the United States. And just two years later, in 1876, the first United States lawn tennis tournament(锦标赛)was held at Nahant near Boston.
6. Mary Outerbridge is important in the history of lawn tennis because
.
A. she invented the game
B. she gave the game its name
C. she introduced the game to Bermuda
D. she introduced the game to the United States
7. The new game called Sphairistike appeared in_____ in 1873.
A. America B. Europe C. Bermuda D. Egypt
8. Lawn tennis was introduced to the United States in_____.
A. 1873 B. 1874
C. 1876 D. None of the above
9. The first United States lawn tennis game was played_____.
A. at Nahant B. on the Staten Island
C. in Boston D. None of the above
10. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Lawn tennis became popular very rapidly in the United States.
B. It was Walter Wingfield who invented court tennis.
C. The sport was called “lawn tennis” shortly after it was invented.
D. Miss Outerbridge set up a lawn tennis court with the help of her brother.
Unit 5
Ⅰ. 词汇
A. 根据已给首字母及括号内的汉语提示,写出下列各句空白处所缺的单词｡
1. Shall we go out for a p_____(郊游)on Sunday afternoon?
2. There’re four o(海洋) in the world. Can you name them?
3. The police arrived at the c(关键的) moment and saved the girl.
4. Daniel is my next door n(邻居). We often help each other.
5. Don’t throw g(垃圾) here and there, Tony. We must keep our classroom clean.
B. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空｡
1. If you want to see Dr Smith, you should make an_____ with him in advance.
2. Our team was so_____ that we were sure we would win.
3. Don’t be_____ about me any more, Mum. I’ve grown up.
4. ―Oh, Dad, I’m afraid. The dog is barking at me.
―Don’t be afraid, dear. Do you know the saying “_____ dogs never bite”?
5. Zhang Yimou and Feng Xiaogang are famous_____ in China.
6. After the tsunami(海啸), the life became_____ difficult for the people there.
7. My little sister was so clever that she could_____ from one to one hundred at the age of four.
8. A thief_____ from the police after hitting a policeman on the nose.
9. The wolf_____ to be dead when he saw a hunter.
10. He was tired and_____ himself into the chair.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. The book_____ be Tom’s. Look! His name is on it.
A. have to B. might C. could D. must
2. Jim is_____ child in Mr Green’s family. He has no brothers or sisters.
A. only a B. only the C. an alone D. the only
3. Simon_____ be at home now. He went to America this morning.
A. must B. mustn’t C. might not D. can’t
4. ―_____guitar is this?
―It’s mine.
A. Who B. Who’s C. Whose D. Whose’s
5. The soccer_____ be Brian’s. I remember he has one.
A. can B. would C. might D. has to
6. I’m busy,_____, I’d like to go to listen to Zhou Jielun.
A. however B. but C. though D. and
7. ―Oh, Jimmy. I_____ you_____ in Beijing.
―I’ve been here for two weeks.
A. don’t think; are B. didn’t think; were
C. didn’t think; are D. don’t think; were
8. I had no_____ that you were here.
A. mind B. idea C. heart D. think
9. There will be a math test on_____ tomorrow.
A. algebra B. chemistry C. geography D. physics
10. She was very_____ because she couldn’t find her mobile phone.
A. pleased B. strange C. carelessly D. anxious
11. They had to put off the football match_____ the heavy rain.
A. because B. with C. because of D. since
12.―How many_____ do you have, Jimmy?
―Twenty.
A. toy’s cars B. toys cars C. toys’ cars D. toy cars
13. I’m not the_____ of the guitar. It could be Jim’s.
A. owner B. teacher C. author D. inventor
14. Here’s the last bus. Let’s_____.
A. get on it B. get it on C. get off it D. get it off
15. They tried_____ the bus, but failed.
A. to catching B. catching C. to catch D. caught
Ⅲ. 同义句转换 根据上句,完成下句,使两句意思基本相同｡
1. Who can tell me how I can get to the station?
Who can tell me how_______________ the station?
2. Mike didn’t see anybody enter the building before ten.
Nobody____________________ the building before ten.
3. The bench was so long that all of us were able to sit on it.
The bench was long enough___________________________________.
4. I think that it is important to master a foreign language.
I think____________________ a foreign language.
5. Mary spent 3, 000 yuan on the color TV set.
The color TV set__________ 3, 000 yuan.
6. Of all the songs, this is the most popular.
This song is more popular____________________.
7. Mother didn’t do the work for her little son, but taught him how to do it.
Instead of____________________ her little son, she taught him how to do it.
8. I don’t know either Russian or French.
I know____________________.
9. If you take a bus, you will get there in about two hours.
_______________about two hours_______________ by bus.
10. I’d rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
I prefer__________ at home_______________ the cinema.
Ⅴ. 汉译英 将下列句子译成英语｡
1. 海明威是她最喜爱的作家｡
2. 我们不要不懂装懂｡
3. 这部词典是属于图书馆的｡
4. 我怕把他吵醒了｡
5. 回家吃饭请别迟到｡
Ⅵ. 完形填空
Tolstoy, a great Russian writer, liked to walk about in a railway station near his home. One day when he was walking up and down as usual, looking at people getting on and off the 1, he heard a lady 2 after him, “Hey, you old fellow, go and fetch my handbag in the 3 room which I left there.
Tolstoy 4 there. He 5 the bag up and walked quickly along the platform(站台). 6 the same time the lady was waiting beside the carriage, looking 7. When at last the old man gave the bag back to her, she opened it to 8 sure nothing was missing. “Good, old man,” said the woman. “You are just as quick as I hope. Here you are.” Tolstoy 9 the coin and put it into his pocket with a smile.
But the woman was very 10 when she heard that he was Tolstoy, the author of the great novel WAR AND PEACE. How interesting it was!
1. A. trains B. bikes C. cars D. planes
2. A. telling B. talking C. speaking D. shouting
3. A. dining B. next C. waiting D. meeting
4. A. jumped B. passed C. went D. came
5. A. took B. gave C. picked D. lifted
6. A. At B. By C. For D. In
7. A. back B. happy C. well D. worried
8. A. make B. get C. do D. take
9. A. showed B. picked C. watched D. took
10. A. worried B. surprised C. happy D. angry
Ⅶ. 阅读理解
(A)
Good morning, class!
Today, I’ll talk about going online.
We know that there are too many net bars(网吧) around us. The Internet can make our lives interesting and enjoyable. Many of us like going online very much because we can learn how to use the computer and can get more information from the Internet. We can learn English. We can read some good newspapers and magazines. We can send e-mails to our friends quickly. We can chat freely online with our friends. We can get in touch with people from all over the world. We can play computer games on the Internet, because it can help develop our intelligence. But some students spend too much time playing computer games and some even stay in the net bars day and night. Some boys or girls get to having girlfriends or boyfriends online. It takes them too much time to chat online so they do worse and worse in their lessons and they don’t study well any more. I think we mustn’t get online when it is time for us to study. We can do it in summer or winter holidays. I think we should get online with adults――our teachers or parents.
At the same time, if we have lots of free time, we can do some out-of-class activities at school. We usually have activities from 4:50 to 5:50 in the afternoon. If you are interested in sports, you can play basketball or football. We also have some interest groups at school, such as drawing, singing and dancing. We can go to the English Corner on Monday afternoon. We can practise talking in English there. We hope we can spend less time on the Internet but more time on our subjects or such activities so that we can learn a lot.
Thank you for listening to me. That’s all.
1. The short passage is about_____.
A. going online B. how to communicate with others
C. the teachers or parents D. different kinds of activities
2. The Internet can make our lives_____.
A. helpful and important B. enjoyable and interesting
C. enjoyable but expensive D. interesting but tiring
3._____ is not good.
A. Going online by yourself
B. Reading newspapers and magazines online
C. Going online with adults
D. Spending all day in the net bars
4. Playing computer games moderately(适度地) can help make us_____.
A. healthy B. strong C. clever D. lazy
5. Which of the following is NOT right?
A. There are too many net bars in the cities.
B. We can learn English on the Internet.
C. We mustn’t get online when we are studying at school.
D. We can spend most of the time on the Internet.
(B)
Some people say laughter is the best medicine. Scientists are beginning to agree with this. They are studying laughter seriously and finding it is really good for us.
So what happens when we laugh? We use fifteen different muscles in our face, and laughing is good for every organ in our body. When we laugh, we breathe quickly and exercise the face, shoulders and chest. Our blood pressure goes down, and our circulation gets better. Our heart beat gets slower and our brain makes a natural painkiller.
Every minute we laugh is the same as forty-five minutes of relaxation①. Many doctors around the world believe that laughter helps us get better when we are sick②.
Of course, there are many kinds of laughter. We may change the way we laugh in different situations. But we all have a laugh that is special to us. How do you usually laugh?
根据短文内容,完成下列任务｡
6. 用学过的词解释注①:
7. 句意填词:If a man stops laughing suddenly, his heart beat maybe gets_____.
8. According to the passage, which of the following is right?
A. People laugh in the same way.
B. One should learn different ways of laughing.
C. We need to laugh forty-five minutes each day.
D. Everyone has his own way of laughing.
9. 用一个英语句子概括本文的大意:_________________________
10. 把注②译成汉语:________________________________________
Key to Unit 4:
Ⅰ. A. 1. plenty2. research3. public4. solutions5. lottery
B. 1. divide2. invited3. introduce4. trouble5. social6. listener7. pretty8. coming up with9. being late for10. were
Ⅱ.1-5 BACBA6-10 ADDDC11-15 DADAC
Ⅲ. A) 1. at, all2. if/whether, could3. not, without4. would, fly, had5. How, does; look
Ⅳ. 1. were, would, not, be2. rather, than 3. comes, top4. let, down5. without, permission
Ⅴ. 1-5 BAACB6-10 CDADB
Ⅵ. 1-5 CCDAC6-10 DBBBB
Key to Unit 5:
Ⅰ. A. 1. picnic 2. oceans 3. crucial4. neighbor5. garbage
B. 1. appointment2. confident3. worried4. Barking5. directors
6. extremely7. count8. escaped9. pretended10. dropped
Ⅱ. 1-5 DDDCC 6-10 ABBAD 11-15 CDAAC
Ⅲ. 1. to, get, to2. was, seen, to, enter3. for, all, of, us, to, sit, on4. it, important, to, master5. cost, Mary6. than, any, other, song7. doing, the, work, for8. neither, Russian, nor, French9. It, takes, you, to, get, there10. watchng, TV, to, going, to
Ⅳ. 1. Hemingway is her favorite author.
2. We mustn’t pretend to know what we don’t know.
3. This dictionary belongs to the library.
4. I was afraid of waking him.
5. Please try to be home in time for dinner.
