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背影练习题范文1
Mrs. Read: ___________! 89062114!
Lucy: Oh, hello. _____ I speak to Ann, please?
Mrs. read: ________. One moment, please.
Ann: _______! Ann speaking.
Lucy: Hi, Ann. This is Lucy.
Ann: Hi, Lucy.
Lucy: Ann, thanks very much _____ _____ us to your party. Lily and I would _____to come.
Ann: That’s great!
Lucy: It’s going to start at five thirty, ____ it?
Ann: Oh, I’m sorry. I forget to tell you the right time. My birthday party is going ____ start at four thirty.
Lucy: OK. See you then. Bye!
Ann: Bye!
Keys: Hello May OK Hello for, asking like isn’t to
阅读理解
Mrs. Green’s telephone number was three-four-six-three, and the number of the cinema near her house was three-four-six-four, so people often made a mistake and telephoned her when they wanted the cinema.
One evening the telephone rang and Mrs. Green answered it. A tired man said, “At what time does your last film begin?”
“I am sorry,” said Mrs. Green, “but you have the wrong number. This is not the cinema.”
“Oh, it began twenty minutes ago,” said the man. “I am sorry about that. Good-bye.”
Mrs. Green was very surprised, so she told her husband. He laughed and said, “The man’s wife wanted to go to the cinema, but he was feeling tired, so he telephoned the cinema. His wife heard him, but she didn’t hear you. Now they will stay at home this evening, and the husband will be happy!”
1. Mrs. Green’s telephone number was ______.
A. 3634 B. 3463 C. 4636 D. 3464
2. People often made a mistake and telephoned her when they wanted_____.
A. to sleep B. the shop C. the cinema D. the visit
3. When Mrs. Green answered the phone, who didn’t hear her?
A. Mr. Green B. The man C. The man’s wife D. Anybody
4. Why was Mrs. Green very surprised after she answered the telephone?
A. Because the man rang a wrong number.
B. Because the man said sorry to her.
C. Because the man didn’t answer her and said the other thing.
D. Because the man’s voice was very low.
5. How did Mrs. Green feel(感觉) when she heard the man ask about film?
A. Surprised B. Angry (生气) C. Not happy D. Not strange (不奇怪)
Keys: B C C C A
快速阅读
Planning a Birthday Party
Mrs. Green is going to give a birthday party for Kate. Kate is her daughter. Kate is going to be fourteen years old. A old of Kate’s friends will come to the party.
Mrs. Green is getting ready for the party. Mrs. White is helping her.
“That’s a pretty cake,” Mrs. White says to Mrs. Green.
“Thank you very much.”
“Are you going to have some ice cream?”
“Yes. The man from the shop is going to bring it at four o’clock, I’m going to have some chocolate, and strawberry, too.”
Mrs. Green will go shopping. She will buy some fruit for the party, too.
It’s three o’clock now. Everything is ready. Kate is wearing her new dress. It’s a white dress. Now the doorbell is ringing. The first girl is arriving. The party is going to start.
根据短文内容选择正确答案。
1. Mrs. Green is Kate’s _____.
A. teacher B. friend C. mother D. aunt
2. Mrs. Green _____.
A. and Mrs. White are getting ready for the party
B. has got everything ready with the help of Kate’s friends
C. is busy getting things ready for the party by herself
D. does not know how to make ice cream for the party
3. Kate ______.
A. has few friends
B. is a nice girl and has a lot of friends
C. is busy getting thinks ready for her birthday party
D. does not want to help Mrs. Green
4. Who is going to bring the ice cream?
A. The man from the shop B. Mrs. White
C. Mrs. Green D. Kate
5. When will the party begin? It will begin ______.
A. tomorrow afternoonB. on the fourteenth
C. before three o’clock D. after three o’clock
答案：1-5 C A B A D
完成下列对话及留言簿。
It’s 8:30 on the morning of May 13. Wang Fang is speaking to Mr. Smith __1___ the phone.
Mr. Smith: Hello, this is Mr. Smith here.
Miss Wang: Good morning, Smith. This is Wang Fang __2___. I work for Chongqing No. 1 Shoe Factory. I’d like to 3 an appointment (约会) for our manager, Mr. Li, to meet you. It’s about the shoe show next month.
Mr. Smith: Ah, yes. I would __4___ happy to meet Mr. Li. Which day is convenient(方便的)?
Miss Wang: Mr. Li is reaching Beijing on Thursday. That’s the 17th.
Mr. Smith: How about 2 o’clock?
Miss Wang: That’s all right. I’ll make a note of it.
Mr. Smith: Good. So I’m going to __5___ him at 2 on the 17th then.
Miss Wang: OK. Thank you very much. Mr. Smith.
Mr. Smith: Not at all. Good – bye.
Miss Wang: Good-bye.
TELEPHONE MESSAGE
FROM: _______6_________ TO: _______7________
DATE: ________8________ TIME:______9_______
MESSAGE:
___________________10___________________________
答案：
1.on
2.speaking
3.make
4.be
5.meet
6.Wang Fang(Miss Wang)
7.Mr. Smith
8.May 13
背影练习题范文2
滑滑梯 秋千 气球 球 自行车 洋娃娃 芋艿 月饼 叶子 蛋糕 豆 月亮
二、 朗读下列单词
swing silde ball bicycle ball doll taro leaf bean mooncake moon balloon
三、朗读下列句子，对话
a) Go to the silde.
b) Pick up the doll.
c) He has got a ball.
d) She has got a doll.
e) What has he got？
f) What has she got？
g) This is Tom. He has got a bicycle. It is yellow.
h) This is May. She has got a balloon. It is pink.
i) --Tom， I have got a doll. What have you got？
--I have got a ball. It is red.
背影练习题范文3
V.单项选择(共15小题，每小题1分，计15分)
21. Li Na others and got the gold medal.
A. won B. beat C. hit D. played
22. My bike was broken. So I have it .
A. taken B. brought C. repaired D. bought
23. We have nothing today. How about going to the concert?
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
24.—I didn’t hear of the news.
—Me .
A. too B. either C. as well D. neither
25. the game is to me!
A. How important B. What important C. How an important D. What an important
26. All the students in our class like Huo Zun Li Ming. He likes Li Qi best.
A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for
27. People in the south had to prepare the flood.
A. in B. for C. of D. with
28. Three years ago, he met a good teacher. he has given up his bad habits.
A. In all B. Since then C. When D. Since
29. The lion is the symbol courage.
A. of B. at C. on D. in
30. They slapped their hands that they loved the picture show.
A. showed B. to show C. of showing D. show
31. The father gives his son the way of making money money itself.
A. instead B. instead of C. though D. but
32. The head of the team, by us, is from another city.
A. choose B. chose C. chosen D. is chosen
33. What he does is than what he says.
A. power B. powerful C. more powerful D. most powerful
34. Is it always easy for you the news on the radio?
A. listen to B. to listen to C. listening to D. to listening to
35. Instead of the truth, he told a lie.
A. tells B. tell C. to tell D. tellingVI.完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，计15分)
Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy， 36 few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone 37 lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words，we make 38 own happiness. Here are 39 ways to help you be happier.
40 secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often，we spend so much time 41 about the future—for example，getting into college or getting a good job—that we fail to enjoy the 42. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures，such as 43 a good book，listening to your favorite music，or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends tend to live happier and healthier lives.
The second secret to leading a happy life is to be 44. Many people experience this by dancing，or playing a sport. You can forget about your problems，and 45 think about the activity.
Finally，many people find happiness in helping 46 .According to studies，people feel good 47 they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier，do 48 for someone. You can help a friend 49 his or her studies，go shopping to get food for 50 old neighbor，or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes.
36. A. but B. as C. or D. so
37. A. do not accept B. do not take C. do not bring D. do not like
38. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
39. A. few B. a few C. a little D. little
40. A. The first B. At first C. First of all D. The last
41. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
42. A. past B. present C. future D. yesterday
43. A. seeing B. watching C. reading D. looking
44. A. active B. quiet C. strict D. cold
45. A. ever B. never C. only D. yet
46. A. another B. other C. others D. the other
47. A. what B. when C. where D. why
48. A. something nice B. something serious C. something difficult D. something bad
49. A. in B. on C. with D. at
50. A. a B. an C. / D. twoVII.阅读理解(共15小题，每小题1分，计15 分)
A
Babies sleep about eighteen hours a day.Mrs. Thatcher and Napoleon both said they only needed to do it three or four hours a night.No one can live without sleep.But how much do we really need?
Research(研究)by the National Sleep Foundation in Washington says that we all need eight hours’ sleep every night.Scientists have found that people who sleep for less than six and a half hours a night are more often ill than people who sleep for eight hours.Going without sleep also increases(增加)the chance of serious illness.“Workaholics(工作狂)”who sleep for less than five hours often die young，and do less well at work.
The scientists found that adults(成年人)usually sleep for seven hours a night，with 32% sleeping less than six hours.
It also says that the idea that we need less sleep as we get older is completely untrue.“People have no idea how important sleep is to their lives.”Dr. Thomas Roth，director of the Foundation says.“Good health needs good sleep.”
“But not too much of it.”says Professor Jim Horne of Loughborough University,“sleep is like food and drink，”he believes，“you would always like to have a little bit more，but that doesn’t mean you need it.”Professor Horne studied a group of people who could spend as many hours as they wanted in bed，after ten hours they didn’t find it any easier to get up in the morning.And people who sleep for more than nine hours a night die younger than people who usually sleep for seven or eight!
51. How many hours a day do babies sleep?
A. About 8 hours. B. About 3 hours. C. About 4 hours. D. About 18 hours.
52. It’s for your health to work without sleep.
A. good B. healthy C. bad D. useful
53. The word “it” in the sentence “But not too much of it.” means .
A. idea B. sleep C. work D. study
54. Professor Horne found it was not for people to get up in the morning after ten hours’ sleep.
A. easier B. happier C. more important D. more difficult
55. The passage(文章)is about .
A. sports B. food C. sleep D. drink
B
Music is an international language. Popular music in America is what every student likes. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class，after class，and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play the music loudly as they drive on the street. Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports，the weather，politics，and activities of the American people. Most of the radio broadcast is music.
Popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in every state. Once the popular singer is heard all over the country，young people buy his or her tape. Some of the money from these tapes comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes，all the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It has stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today，any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music. Serious music for the concert halls is called classical music. Music for instruments is called orchestra music，such as the symphonies of Beethoven.
56. Almost every American student likes .
A. popular music B. American songs C. folk music D. classical music
57. What do adult drivers do while they are driving?
A. Listen to pop songs. B. Listen to news and make a CD.
C. Listen to music and news. D. Listen to folk music.
58. What’s one of the reasons that singers become national stars?
A. Their CDs or tapes are used in every state. B. Several young people buy their CDs.
C. They are followed by young people. D. They are handsome or beautiful.
59. was started by cowboys.
A. Popular music B. Western music C. Serious music D. Folk music
60. What may be the best title for this passage?
A. Popular Music in America B. Kinds of Music in America
C. How to Be Famous Singers D. History of MusicC
Do you know something about the holiday camps in Hong Kong? The students in Hong Kong used to take part in an English holiday camp in their holidays.And their parents weren’t with them.Though they were very young.
Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents.Many parents let their children take part in some kinds of holiday camps in order to learn some practical knowledge in their life, some knowledge about living skills, science, reading and writing...The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.
Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive.Most of the families can afford to send their children there for further study, for making their bodies strong...And the government never charges (收费) for them.
It is said that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things.Perhaps it has something with the kinds of holiday camps.
61. Students in Hong Kong like to take part in the .
A. holiday camps B. English holiday camps
C. science holiday camps D. Chinese holiday camps
62. When students in Hong Kong are in the holiday camps, their parents .
A. must be with them B. have to look after them nearby
C. must stay at home D. aren’t with them
63. The most important thing for the students to take part in the holiday camps in Hong Kong is .
A. to make their bodies strong B. to learn much knowledge about many things
C. to learn to look after themselves D. to have a further study about many subjects
64. The cost to take part in a holiday camp is .
A. very dear B. not cheap C. very high D. low
65. The students who often take part in the holiday camps .
A. must be knowledgeable B. must be very thin
C. must be very tall D. must be very beautifulVIII.任务型阅读(共5小题，每小题2分，计10分)
It’s easier to agree than disagree. The following tips can help keep disagreements constructive.
•Don’t make it personal.
If you get upset, it can help to remember that you’re mad at the person’s idea, not the person.
•Never criticize the other person’s idea.
Instead of saying“That’s a stupid idea!”, try:“I don’t agree, and here’s why.”Never shout loudly and you’ll have a much better chance of getting your idea across.
•Use “I” statements to communicate how you feel and what you think.
Using“you”statements can sound argumentative (好争论的). For example, telling your mom“You always remind me of my chores when I have a lot of homework”has a very different tone(语气)from“I’m under pressure because I have a lot of homework tonight. Can I do those chores tomorrow?”
•Listen to the other point of view.
When the other person is talking, try to stop thinking about why you disagree or what you’ll say next. Instead, focus on what’s being said. When it’s your turn to talk, repeat some key points the other person made to show you have paid attention to what was said. Then calmly express why you disagree.
•Stay calm.
This is the most important thing that you can do to keep a conversation going on well.
66题判断正误(“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误);67题完成句子;68、69题简略回答问题; 70题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
66. The passage mainly talks about tips to show disagreements.[ ]
67. is the most important thing that you can do to keep a conversation going on well.
68. What should we do when the other person is talking?
69. What should we say if we disagree with someone?
70.
IX.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词(共5小题，每小题1分，计5分)
71.Though they meet often, they send (信息)to each other sometimes.
72.He has already (分离)the red apples from the green ones.
73.What they do shows that they are (绅士).
74.That man always (表现)like that, so he gets himself disliked.
75. The ball was thrown onto the ground. It (弹起)quickly.X.基础写作(包括A、B两部分，A部分5分，B部分15分，共计20分)
A.连词成句(共5小题，每小题1分，计5分)
76. close, his, he, lives, friend, tow
.
77. say, girl, to, something, let’s, the
.
78. to, dispute, it, fun, is, with, deal, the
?
79. checked, the, have, messages, you
?
80. too, our, we, busy, game, were, with
.
B.书面表达(计15分)
81. 假如你是李华，现实生活中你遇到了一些烦恼。你兴趣广泛，喜欢唱歌、画画、体育运动等，所有这些带给你许多快乐，但妈妈怕你因此耽误学习，所以不允许你发展这些爱好。你觉得妈妈不理解你，所以你们经常争吵。你很苦恼，不知道怎么办才好。
请根据上述内容给你的好朋友Sally写一封80词左右的电子邮件，希望她能帮助你。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sally,
I have some trouble in my life.
Yours,
Li Hua21. B 由句中got the gold medal可知“李娜击败了其他的人”。beat sb.是“击败某人”之意。故选B。
22. C take“拿”;bring“带来”;repair“修理”;buy“买”。由“我的自行车坏了”可知“所以我让人把它修理了”，所以repair符合要求。故选C。
23. B 此处是动词不定式to do作后置定语。
24. D 前句是否定式，后句表示“我也不”，要用Me neither.。故选D。
25. A 本句是一个感叹句，由句中the game可知此处应是“How+形容词...!”结构，故选A项。
26. C beside“在……旁边”;besides“除……之外还有……”，强调“另外(还)……”;except“除……之外其余都……”，强调“排除……在外”;except for“除……之外”，表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定。由后句“他最喜欢李琦”可知前句意为“除李明之外我们班所有学生都喜欢霍尊”，所以except符合要求，故选C。
27. B prepare for是固定短语，意为“为……做准备”。
28. B in all“一共”;since then“从那时开始”;when“当……时候”;since“自……以来”。由前句句意“三年前他遇到了一位好老师”可知，后句意为“从那时开始他就戒除了坏习惯”。since then符合要求，故选B。
29. A the symbol of是固定短语，意为“……的象征”。
30. B 此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
31. B instead“相反地”，用作副词，常用于句末;instead of“而不是……”，是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词等;though“虽然;即使”，引导让步状语从句;but“但是”，用作连词，表示转折。句意为“这个父亲给他儿子挣钱的方法而不是钱本身”，故instead of符合要求。
32. C 此处可理解为过去分词表示被动。故选C。
33. C 由句中than可知应用比较级的形式，故C项正确。
34. B It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.是固定句型。故选B项。
35. D instead of是介词短语，其后跟动名词形式，故选D。
36. A 由“大多数人想要幸福，但是没有几个人知道怎样找到幸福”可知，空格处应填but，表示语气的转折，故选A。
37. C 由下文“幸福要依靠我们自己”可知“仅有金钱与成功并不能带来长久的幸福”。
38. B our own是双重所有格结构。换句话说，我们创造自己的幸福。
39. B few表示否定;(a)little修饰不可数名词;故选a few，表示“几个，一些”，修饰后面的ways。
40. A 由下一段开头的“The second secret...”可知此处应选A。
41. A spend... doing sth.意为“花费……做某事”，故选A。
42. B 由前文“我们经常花费太多的时间考虑将来……”可知我们没有享受现在，故选B。
43. C 读书应用read。
44. A active意为“积极的”;quiet意为“安静的”;strict意为“严格的”;cold意为“寒冷的”。由下文的“dancing，or playing a sport”可知此处应用active。B、C、D三项不符合题意。
45. C 由“你可以忘记你的问题”及选项可知此处应填only “仅仅，只是”。
46. C others “其他人”，相当于other people，其后不需要加名词。
47. B 由下文的“volunteer their time”可知此处应填when。
48. A 由前文的帮助他人可知此处应是做“好事”。
49. C help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人(做)某事”。
50. B old以元音音素开头，所以冠词应用an，故选B。
51. D 由第一段第一句“Babies sleep about eighteen hours a day.”可知答案为D。
52. C 由短文的第二段可知“只工作不睡觉对健康有害”，故选C。
53. B 文章第四段最后一句“Good health needs good sleep.”和 “But not too much of it.”连在一起，便可知it指sleep。故选B。
54. A 由文章第五段的“Professor Horne studied a group of people who could spend as many hours as they wanted in bed，after ten hours they didn’t find it any easier to get up in the morning.”可知答案为A。
55. C 本文从头至尾谈论一个主题“sleep”。故选C。
56. A 由第一段的第二句“Popular music in America is what every student likes.”可知选A。
57. C 由第一段的“Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to the news about sports, the weather, politics, and activities of the American people.”可知选C。
58. A 由第二段的内容可知：歌星成为明星的原因之一就是他们的激光唱片或磁带被用于(美国的)每一个州的广播台。
59. B 由第三段的“Another is called western or country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching.”可知选B。
60. B 本文主要介绍了美国的音乐种类，故选B项最合适。
61. A 由第二段的“Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents.”可知。
62. D 由第二段第一句Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents.可知他们的父母并不跟随他们，故选D项。
63. C 由第二段最后一句The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.可知，在香港学生们参加假日野营活动最重要的事情是学习自理能力，故选C项。
64. D 由第三段第一句Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive.知此活动并不昂贵，故选D项。
65. A 由最后一段第一句It is said that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things.可知，经常参加此类野营活动的学生们在许多方面一定有大量的知识，故选A项。
66. T 本文主要是围绕着如何表达“不同意”展开的，共提出了五个建议。
67. Staying calm 由文章最后一点建议可知答案。
68. We should focus on what’s being said. 由第四点建议中的句子When the other person is talking, try to stop thinking about why you disagree or what you’ll say next. Instead, focus on what’s being said.可知答案。
69.We should say“I don’t agree, and here’s why.” 由第二点建议中的Instead of saying“That’s a stupid idea!”, try:“I don’t agree, and here’s why.”可知答案。
70.然后平静地表达自己的不同意。
71. messages message是可数名词，其前没有表示单数的修饰词，故填其复数形式。
72. separated 句中already是现在完成时的标志，故填separate的过去分词。
73. gentlemen 句中they are决定用gentleman的复数形式。
74. behaves “表现”的英文是behave，并列句“so he gets himself disliked”是一般现在时，且that man是第三人称单数，故填behaves。
75. bounced “弹起”的英文是bounce，由前句是一般过去时可知应填其过去式bounced。
76. He lives close to his friend
77. Let’s say something to the girl
78. Is it fun to deal with the dispute
79. Have you checked the messages
80. We were too busy with our game
81. One possible version：
Dear Sally,
I have some trouble in my life. You know I have many interests, such as singing, drawing and doing sports. They always bring me lots of fun. But my mother thinks they will have bad influence on my study, for she hopes I can always get good grades, so she doesn’t allow me to do these. I think my mother can’t understand me. So we often have arguments. I’m very unhappy and don’t know what to do.
Can you help me? I hope you can give me some advice. Please write to me soon.
背影练习题范文4
2007年，苹果公司推出iPhone手机，这一产品彻底颠覆了以往的手机行业，随后谷歌公司推出的安卓系统、微软公司推出的Windows Mobile等，使智能手机得到了迅速普及。手机最初是作为一种可移动的电话出现的，是一种人际沟通的工具，除双向通话外并不具备其他功能。智能手机的滥觞，让手机彻底换了一种形态示人。智能手机的硬件提供物理平台，软件(app)以及运营商提供内容与服务。手机的发展突破了屏幕小、分辨率低、功能相对简单等不足，再也不是一个简单的通信工具，而是一台可以打电话的掌上电脑。此外，自从苹果公司2010年推出iPad平板电脑之后，各大厂商纷纷推出了自己的平板电脑产品，目前已有了庞大的用户群。这一跨界产品彻底打破了手机与电脑的界限，有人把iPad平板电脑称为“不能打电话的iPhone”，而三星公司也推出了可以打电话的GALAXY系列平板电脑，这进一步弥补了手机在屏幕阅读面积上的不足，同时又不失其便携性。利用手机等移动设备接入互联网，成为当下一种再常见不过的信息传受行为。可以预见的是，未来互联网的发展趋势一定是移动的，就像手机逐渐取代固定电话一样，移动互联网终将成为未来信息传播的最主要工具。
一、手机新闻传播的几种形态
移动互联网发展的前期阶段，一些学者认为手机短信与手机报是大有可为的“第五媒体”。但是手机短信更多的是人际交流的工具，利用手机短信传播新闻，除了在自然灾害预警等特殊情况下，似乎并不会引起人们的注意。手机报利用彩信或WAP方式向定制用户发送多媒体新闻的新形式，在几年内经历了快速的发展，一度被寄予厚望。但是手机报来也匆匆去也匆匆，随着移动互联网的发展，手机报的订阅用户迅速萎缩。有学者认为，手机报只是个过渡产品[2]，前景并不乐观。
当智能手机逐渐普及、3G技术日益成熟、手机与移动互联网结合得越来越紧密时，手机在新闻传播上的属性越发显现，手机再也不是单纯的人际沟通工具，而转变为一种大众媒体。目前，各大门户网站、新闻网站、搜索网站等运营的手机网站已经很成熟，手机新闻客户端(app)也是手机用户获取新闻资讯的重要途径。据2013年4月的《中国移动互联网发展状况报告》显示，截至2012年12月底，我国手机网民规模已经达到了4.2亿。[1]另外，根据2012年10月的《中国手机网民上网行为研究报告》显示，通过手机上网，以获得新闻资讯为目的的手机网民高达58.2%。[3]
手机微博也具有很强的新闻传播特性。据《第32次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示，截至2013年6月底，我国微博网民规模为3.31亿，用手机上微博的网民数为2.3亿。[4]在我国，微博不仅是网络社交工具，更是新闻资讯传播的重要渠道，网民不仅在微博上了解新闻，还能够转发、评论，表达自己的意见。除此之外，手机网民最常用也是用户基数最大的手机即时通信工具，如QQ、微信等，也都具备新闻推送的功能，特别是异军突起的微信对信息传播方式的改变引起了学界的广泛关注。可以说，对于4亿手机网民来说，即使没有主动接触新闻资讯的欲望，也难逃新闻资讯推送的狂轰滥炸。智能手机与移动互联网的完美结合，只有在移动互联的背景下，手机的新闻传播属性才会走向成熟。
二、移动互联网拉近了人与新闻资讯之间的距离
针对手机移动互联网的使用情况，南京师范大学媒介发展与危机管理研究所进行了一次问卷调查。[5]此次问卷调查采用互联网问卷调查的形式，采取简单随机抽样的方法，问卷样本覆盖了全国大部分省市，男女比例基本均等，职业分布以大中专院校学生、公司职员、企事业单位工作人员为主，总共收回621份有效问卷，具有一定的代表性，能在一定程度上反映移动互联网使用的情况。
(一)手机上网成为获取新闻的重要渠道
本问卷设置了“目前你关注新闻资讯的主要渠道有哪些”问题，如表1所示，最多的人选择了电脑网络，占到访问对象的88.1%；QQ、微博等社交应用比例也较大，占到76.7%；选择手机互联网的比例也超过70%，达到70.4%。此外，传统媒体所占的比例较小，报纸为23.5%；广播只有13%；电视比例较高，为42.4%，但是也没有超过半数。手机新闻客户端也占有一定的分量，传统媒体的电子版则较少。选择“其他”的4个访问对象中，有2人填写了手机报。
从调查问卷数据中我们可以看出，通过传统媒体获得新闻的人越来越少，网络媒体则占了很大的比例。在访问对象中，电脑网络占接近90%的比重，而手机移动互联网的比例也非常大。从QQ、微博等社交应用中获取新闻资讯也成为主流，而从一些调查数据可以清晰地获知，手机移动互联网是QQ、微博等社交应用最主要的接入渠道。此外，手机新闻客户端也有一定数量的用户群。可见，手机移动互联网已经成为人们获取新闻最主要的渠道之一，与电脑网络不相上下，已经远远超过传统媒体。
用户媒介接触习惯的深刻改变可见一斑。传统媒体受网络新媒体的冲击，以微博为主的自媒体，用户自己生产内容是一方面，另一方面虽然网络新媒体能够融合多种媒体形式，但是内容还是来自传统媒体。人们在获取新闻的渠道上发生了很大的变化，但是内容的生产者并没有发生太大的变化。换句话说，报纸的发行量虽然在萎缩，但是报纸所生产的新闻并没有因此减弱传播效果，反而是大大增强了。
(二)手机上网客观上增加了用户的新闻接触度
在621名受访者中，有10人未开通手机上网服务，其余611人开通了手机上网服务，共占受访者总数的98.4%。在开通手机上网服务的611名受访者中，回答“在开通手机上网这项服务前，您是否经常通过报纸、电视等传统媒体关注新闻”时，38%的受访者选择“经常”，53.3%的受访者选择“偶尔”，6.6%的受访者选择“不关注”。在回答“开通手机上网这项服务后，您是否经常通过手机关注新闻”时，52.8%的受访者选择“经常”，40.6%的受访者选择“偶尔”，4.8%的受访者选择“不关注”。通过对比可知，在开通手机上网前后，关注新闻资讯等信息的程度有了明显的变化。从图1可以清晰地看到，开通手机上网后，经常关注新闻的受访者比例由38%上升到52.8%，上升14.8%；偶尔关注新闻的比例由53.3%下降到40.6%，下降12.7%；不关注新闻的比例由6.6%下降到4.8%。
另一个更加直观的统计结果显示，在回答“开通手机上网这项服务后，您关注新闻的频率是否有所增加”这一问题时，73.3%的受访者认为如此，只有21%的受访者认为“并没有增加”，另外5.7%的受访者表示“不确定”。此外，有56.8%的受访者明确表示“获取新闻财经文体等资讯”是使用手机的目的之一。由此可见，开通手机上网之后，人们对新闻信息的关注增加了许多。
另外，从手机用户的主观需求来说，获取新闻也是使用手机的一个重要目的。在受访者回答“您使用手机希望获得的服务是什么”这一问题时，有56.8%的受访者明确表示“获取新闻财经文体等资讯”，另外选择“生活服务指南”的受访者也占到57.6%。虽然与排名前两位的“休闲娱乐”(77.8%)、“人际交流”(76.4%)尚有差距，但是接近60%的比例也能够反映出获取新闻资讯在手机用户使用需求上的重要性。
(三)分享与互动：传播范围的几何级增长
手机是目前最重要的自媒体平台，当前最热门的自媒体形式，如微博、微信、博客、论坛、百度贴吧等等，都可以使用手机轻松访问，并且界面友好，用户体验甚至要好于或者是不逊色于电脑。另外，智能手机所具有的移动性、便携性、触摸屏、可拍照、可GPS定位等优势又是电脑所不具备的。《2012年中国微博蓝皮书》显示，微博用户开始大规模地向移动端迁移：通过智能手机进行微博访问的用户已经达到89.35%，仅次于PC端的登录情况。[6]
微博上曾经流传着这样一个说法：微博粉丝超过100人，你就是一本内刊；超过1000人，你就是个布告栏；超过1万人，你就是一本杂志；超过10万人，你就是一份都市报；超过100万人，你就是一份全国性报纸；超过1000万人，你就是电视台；超过1亿人，你就是CCTV。我即媒体，微博让独立个体有了一个像大众传播媒介一样的传播渠道，移动互联网与手机等终端设备又让这个传播渠道变得随时随地可用。
微博等社交媒体已经成为新闻与传播的重要聚散地，手机微博、微信等拥有几亿用户的自媒体深刻改变了新闻传播的格局。特别是当有突发事件发生时无数网民用手机不停地刷屏，以获取最新消息，手机成为最迅速的新闻传播渠道。分享与转发功能是目前社交媒体最为重要的功能之一，一条新闻信息经过转发，就会让更多的用户看到，不断转发，再经过“转发的转发”，传播范围就会以几何级的速度增长。
三、冲击：深刻改变媒体产业格局
(一)手机是网民每日接触最多的媒体
群邑中国互动营销2013年的一项调查显示：“80%的受访者在睡觉时会将手机放在伸手可及的范围之内；73%的受访者每天通过手机闹铃起床；95%的受访者在入睡前平均要使用手机一个小时，并因此推迟了入睡时间。”[7]
南京师范大学媒介发展与危机传播研究所进行的调查如图2所示，有62.9%的受访者每天24小时开机，31.5%的受访者仅在睡觉的时候关机，开机时间不固定的受访者只占5.6%的比例。另外如图3所示，问卷设“您是否会把手机经常带在身边”的问题，有58.3%的受访者表示手机总是带在身边，39.5%的受访者表示手机会经常带在身边，手机偶尔或者不会经常带在身边的比例只占1.6%和0.6%。可见，绝大多数手机用户会把手机经常带在身边，并且除了睡觉时间外，都会保持开机状态。
早晨上班的人们可能随手拿起一份地铁免费发放的地铁报，但是愿意去报摊买一份报纸的人越来越少；在繁忙的工作和生活压力下，守在电视机、电脑旁悠闲地看电视、上网的时间也越来越少。在时间碎片化的生活中，只有手机是人们不用刻意去接近，随时随地就能够接触到的媒介，无论是工作、学习、娱乐，还是打发时间，手机都是唾手可得的工具。智联招聘网对全国28个城市白领日均玩手机时间进行了调查，排名第一的北京白领高达6.72小时，排名第28位的长春也有1.4个小时。[8]手机已经无时无刻不渗透到每一个人的生活之中，成为人们日常生活中接触最多的媒体。
(二)基于移动互联的手机对媒介产业格局的冲击
近年来，世界知名报刊停刊或被收购的消息不绝于耳。2013年，美国最负盛名的报纸之一的《华盛顿邮报》被亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯以2.5亿美元收购震惊整个传媒业。紧接着，《纽约时报》亦以7000万美元的价格“贱卖”了《波士顿环球报》，《新闻周刊》也告别了纸质时代，其他如《美国新闻与世界报道》《基督教科学箴言报》《西雅图邮报》也没有了纸质版。[9]
我国大多数传统媒体暂时还没有面临关门大吉的厄运，但是危机感依然强烈，传统新闻业受到新媒体的强力冲击是不争的事实。如何向新媒体转型是目前传统媒体所面临的共同问题，移动互联网的发展趋势是不可逆的，媒介性质的改变、受众阅读习惯的改变、受众媒介接触行为的转变，使得传统媒体受众面缩小，并且随之带来了广告收入的大幅度下降，传统新闻业的颠覆性变革已经开始。
内容为王？渠道为王？未来的报纸可能不再是印刷的形式，而是以电子媒介的形式呈现，好的内容再加上适应时展的渠道，传统媒体的转型方向其实是很明确的。新闻的生产仍然是传统媒体的强项，无论时代如何变化，高质量的新闻仍然是只有专业媒体才能够完成的。在移动互联网发展的大趋势下，传统媒体适应新的传播媒介的媒介特性，包括智能手机、平板电脑，未来可能是谷歌眼镜、智能手表，或者是嵌入人体的芯片，生产内容、打开渠道、探索盈利模式，将是未来的趋势。
四、移动互联背景下的“第五媒体”将主宰未来
如今的手机已经经历了翻天覆地的变化，十年来曾经对于手机是否能够被称为“第五媒体”、什么才是“第五媒体”有过广泛的讨论。在移动互联背景下，智能手机与移动互联网相结合，手机成为“第五媒体”当之无愧。
我们把报纸称为第一媒体，把广播称为第二媒体，把电视称为第三媒体，把互联网称为第四媒体。这一分类法基本上是沿着这些媒体出现的时间先后顺序，并且每一种媒介都是作为大众传播媒介出现的，新闻传播的属性非常明显。沿着这一思路，只有一种新型的大众传播媒介才能够被称为“第五媒体”，目前看来，移动互联网最有可能。在移动互联时代，手机是最重要、使用人数最多、普及程度最高的移动互联网接入终端。仅从我国的情况来说，手机网民的数量就已经超过4亿。如果不是在移动互联背景下，手机非智能时代，手机更多的是作为人际交流的工具，将手机称为“第五媒体”还是值得商榷的。如今，手机的大众传播属性、新闻传播能力已经毋庸置疑，那么将手机称作“第五媒体”是合情合理的。
美国媒介环境学家保罗·莱文森提出了“补救性媒介”理论与媒介演化的“人性化趋势”理论。保罗·莱文森认为，技术的发展越来越人性化，任何一种后继的媒介，都是一种补救措施，都是对过去某一媒介功能的补救与补偿。人类的技术越来越完美，越来越“人性化”[10]。智能手机作为一个多媒体数字化的移动互联网接入终端，通过硬件系统与软件系统的结合，能够实现各种媒介的功能。手机可以是一张报纸，可以收听广播，可以收看手机电视、网络视频，还可以享受互联网的各种服务，可以说是一机在手便拥有了各种媒体。
麦克卢汉认为，“媒介即人的延伸”。媒介是人生理和心灵的延伸，手机就像人类的器官一样，延伸了我们的视觉、听觉、触觉系统，其巨大的便携性又让我们从固定的场所解放出来。移动互联背景下的智能手机既有报纸的便捷，又不用守在电视机、电脑前，就像保罗·莱文森所说的“移动媒介会使每个地方都更加有用”[11]。也有国内学者认为，手机重新定义了黄金时间。[12]可以看得见的未来是，未来手机样式的发展肯定是仿生的，可穿戴式的互联网终端设备已经成为现实，几乎与智能手机具有同样功能的谷歌眼镜、智能手表已经上市或者已经计划上市，相信距离像手机这样普及只是个时间问题。未来手机的名称可能再也不叫作“手机”，但一定是会比手机具有更多功能、更加人性化的媒介技术样式。在信息时代，随着技术的发展，新闻传播的趋势必将是以融合了所有媒体形式的“第五媒体”为主导。（来源：新闻爱好者 文/靖 鸣 马丹晨 靖鸣为南京师范大学媒介发展与危机管理研究所所长、教授、博士生导师；马丹晨为南京师范大学新闻与传播学院硕士生 编选：）
参考文献
[1]中国互联网络信息中心.2012年中国移动互联网发展状况统计报告[EB/OL].http：//cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwfzzx/qwfb/201305/t20130514_39488.htm.
[2]陈国权.手机报只是个过渡产品[J].中国报业，2012(7).
[3]中国互联网络信息中心.2012年中国手机网民上网行为研究报告[EB/OL].http：//cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/ydhlwbg/201211/t20121116_37222.htm.
[4]中国互联网络信息中心.第32次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告[EB/OL].2013-07.
[5]南京师范大学媒介发展与危机管理研究所.手机使用情况调查问卷[EB/OL].http：//sojump.com/jq/2472242.aspx.
[6]DCCI互联网数据中心.2012中国微博蓝皮书[EB/OL].http：//dcci.com.cn/report/view/cid/10/id/893.html.
[7]姜煜.调查称许多中国人开始和结束一天时都由手机相伴[EB/OL].中国新闻网，2013-07-11.http：//finance.chinanews.com/it/2013/07-11/5031825.shtml.
[8]洪唯.白领玩手机时间城市排行榜出炉南京排第16位[N].金陵晚报，2013-05-22.
[9]张敬伟.美国纸媒的救赎和网络时代的省思[N].新加坡联合早报，2013-08-16.
[10]保罗·莱文森.软利器——信息革命的自然历史与未来[M].何道宽，译.上海：复旦大学出版社，2011.
背影练习题范文5
在成长中，我有快乐，也有烦恼。烦恼并不阻碍你的快乐，烦恼也会给你带来甜蜜的花香。
我的烦恼是有些人想要的机会。今天晴空万里，小鸟站在枝头快乐的唱着她最喜欢的歌曲。而我带着愉快的心情，踏着轻盈的步伐去上学。来到学校，正准备踏进教室门，我的英语老师把我叫住了。英语老师带着笑容，和蔼的对我说，Lean，你现在买一些奥林匹克英语的练习题做，至少要买两本，是五六年级的，分为上册和下册，从今天开始，你呢就每星期最少写两篇作文给我，还有那练习题，每星期交给我，我帮你看看，现在准备好，到时去参加奥林匹克英语的胜率就大些明白了没。等老师说完，我还没回神，老师就已经转身离去，我看着老师的背影，心马上开始凉了一半。我觉得天一片黑暗，我是多么希望自己能把握，可我不喜欢这样的负担，最终我只好写了一星期才鼓起勇气向老师提出了放弃，老师答应了我。而我却没有丝丝的遗憾。
只要你愿意鼓起勇气面对烦恼，你的烦恼只会给你带来花的芳香。
六年级:Lean
背影练习题范文6
深秋的黄昏，残带着一身的寂寞，茫然地走进那片遗忘的枫叶林中。踩着那些干枯的失去绿色、生命的落叶。孤独的声音响起。凉风刮起，一阵凉意涌上心头，残蹲下去，慢慢捡起失去绿色的落叶，一颗泪珠无声无息滴落在落叶上。
残其实是喜欢上学的。记得第一次进初中学校，他就喜欢上了满脸笑容、亲切的班主任。老师那句“我不会用成绩来衡量你们的”的话，让残觉得有一种难言的幸福，有这样一位公平的班主任，他不必担心成绩不好而不被老师喜欢。然而，一次考试后，残的座位一直排在倒数几排，班主任说，按考试成绩排坐可以激励同学们奋发学习。
于是，残开始认真的学习了，他上课认真听，下课认真练。但是基础太差，成绩总是得不到提高，座位依旧保持在原来位置上。慢慢地残发现，班主任的眼神的焦急总落在前几排的尖子生上，很少往后边瞅。他尝试着上课偷偷跟旁边的同学说话、搞小动作，可老师往往只是瞟上，目光又回到了前边，残的心理有些冷了。一次，残试着解答一道比较难的练习题，他想了很久却怎么也不会，于是便找到班主任。班主任却说“这道题你先放下，它对于现在的你说确实有些困难”虽然老师的语调极为平和，说话也极有分寸，可残的心开始颤抖了。当他默默地回到座位上时，他又看到老师那满脸笑容地给班上那些“重点高中苗子”讲题的身影。眼晴充满了‘利益’的双字。
残握着落叶的手攥得更紧了，他不知道老师为什么给了他希望，却又让他感到失望，残想，或许我就是这片落叶，飘落在地上，还要受风雨淋，被脚踩，直到碾作成灰化作尘。一阵风拂过，又哗哗地落下一大片落叶。残站起来，小心翼翼地避开那些枯黄、失去生命的落叶，不愿再踩踏它们残破的身躯。
夜幕下，只剩下残寂寞的背影在晚秋中。
