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理想的格言范文1
一个朋友说，她每次下车时，都会跟的哥说声谢谢。因为那一声谢谢，会让的哥们的表情变得柔和许多。
有一回，我送一位女乘客到长途车站，她下车后，急急忙忙要往对面冲，我顺口说了句：“别急，看着点儿车。”她听了，站在那里想了想，回头跟我说：“你等等，我找个朋友，然后还坐你的车！”
过了几分钟，她带过来一个男人，说要去旅顺。那男人边上车边唠叨：“不是说坐小客车去吗？早知道要打车，咱们还用约在这里等！”那女人跟我说，一来着急赶路，二来看我为人不错，就改了主意。
还有一次，我载了3个农民工，下车时，付钱的那个民工说：“谢谢你！”没想到，这几个民工注定要再一次感谢我，因为他们下车以后，把一个纸袋子忘在车上，等发现时，我已经在市区了。纸袋子里面有两条裤子、一条毛巾和一瓶没开封的男用护肤霜。我犹豫了一下，开车出了市区，在他们下车的地方，竟然找到了他们。他未必想得到，我空跑17公里，就因为他下车时跟我说了一声谢谢。
理解万岁
最让的哥烦心的事，莫过于排了很长时间的队，等来个小活儿。其实这种事说白了就是心态问题。
有一回在机场等客，因为有薄雾，一直等了两个多小时，才有客人出来。我帮客人装好行李，然后替他关上车门，出机场时他对我说：“抱歉，我到锦绣大酒店。”因为锦绣大酒店距离机场不多不少，正好2.9公里，接近基本里程又不蹦字，小活儿中这种活儿最没劲，更不用说我足足等了两个钟头。
但一路上我照样谈笑风生，谈天气，也谈这辆破车。转眼到了锦绣大酒店，他掏出10元钱递给我。我放在坐垫上，去帮他取出行李。这时，他又拿出30元钱递过来。我说：“您刚付过了，还没找您钱！”
他说：“那是车费，这是奖金，也可以说损失补偿费。够吧？”我这才隐约记起，他刚才问过我，从机场到市内，大约多少钱。
“奖金”我没有要，因为，理解万岁。
信任之美
的哥的工作是由一笔笔简单的生意串起来的，既然是生意，那会不会没有人情味？的哥认为，不会的。
做了这么多年的哥，真是什么事都见过。那天在人民路，一个女人没上车，把孩子放在后座，说：“师傅，麻烦把这孩子送到山东路。”她说她有急事，实在是脱不开身，只好这样了。我拒绝了她。那孩子顶多3岁，她居然放心交给一个陌生人。
她说：“求你了，师傅，但凡有办法，我也不干这事。”
“你是他什么人？”我警惕地问。
“我是他小姨。突然出了点儿事，实在不能带着他。”她看我还在犹豫，又说，“我跟他妈说了，你放心，没事。”
这种事没法让人放心。她又说刚才好不容易相中了个“面善”的的哥，可人家不干，所以求我千万帮帮忙：“出租车倒有的是，我也不能随便什么人都托付啊。”
我仔细地想了想各种可能，觉得没什么问题，加上那孩子叫了她小姨，也就放心了。把她和孩子妈妈的电话分别打出去确认后，我就带着孩子走了。说老实话，真有一点儿使命感。小家伙很可爱，我让他坐在前面，替他系好安全带，一路上跟他聊天，仿佛回到了跟儿子在一起的那些日子。
理想的格言范文2
人的一生可能燃烧也可能腐朽，我不能腐朽，我愿意燃烧起来。
路是脚踏出来的，历史是人写出来的，人的每一步行动都在书写自己的历史。
人生的价值，并不是用时间，而是用深度去衡量的。
理想的格言范文3
关键词 彩色图像分割 颜色空间 直方图阈值化 边缘检测 模糊方法 神经网络
中图分类号：TP312 文献标识码：A
1 数字图像技术概述
数字图像处理工具箱函数包括以下15类：（1）图像显示函数；（2）图像文件输入、输出函数；（3）图像几何操作函数；（4）图像像素值及统计函数；（5）图像分析函数；（6）图像增强函数；（7）线性滤波函数；（8）二维线性滤波器设计函数；（9）图像变换函数；（10）图像邻域及块操作函数；（11）二值图像操作函数；（12）基于区域的图像处理函数；（13）颜色图操作函数；（14）颜色空间转换函数；（15）图像类型和类型转换函数。
MATLAB图像处理工具箱支持四种图像类型，分别为真彩色图像、索引色图像、灰度图像、二值图像，由于有的函数对图像类型有限制，这四种类型可以用工具箱的类型转换函数相互转换。MATLAB可操作的图像文件包括JPG、HDF、JPEG、PCX、TIFF、XWD等格式。下面就图像处理的基本过程讨论工具箱所实现的常用功能。
图像的读写与显示操作：用imread（ ）读取图像，imwrite（ ）输出图像，把图像显示于屏幕有imshow（ ），image（ ）等函数。imcrop（）对图像进行裁剪，图像的插值缩放可用imresize（ ）函数实现，旋转用imrotate（ ）实现。
图像增强是数字图像处理过程中常用的一种方法，目的是采用一系列技术去改善图像的视觉效果或将图像转换成一种更适合于人眼观察和机器自动分析的形式。
2 MATLAB图像处理工具箱运用实例
为了证明MATLAB语言是一种简洁，可读性较强的高效率编程软件，本文通过运用图像处理工具箱中的有关函数对一实拍的芯片图像进行处理。如图1，图“Fig.jpg”为一幅原图像，该图像右边的剪切图像为从“Fig.jpg”中剪切出的将用于分析的子图像块。为了便于分析与观察，把子图像块旋转90度置于水平位置并把该图存在名为“Fig1.jpg”的图像文件中。以上的过程可用以下代码实现。
x=imread（'E：＼study＼电子与通信＼Term 2＼数字图像处理DIP＼Fig.jpg'）；
figure，imshow（x）；
y=imcrop（x）；
figure，imshow（y，[]）；
z=imrotate（y，90）；
imwrite（z，'E：＼study＼电子与通信＼Term 2＼数字图像处理DIP＼Fig1.jpg'，'jpg'）；
isrgb（z）
原图Fig.jpg 剪贴图Fig1.jpg
图1
经判断得知该图像为一真彩色图像，首先把它转换为灰度图像，以下所有的进一步处理均采用经过灰度化处理后的图像作为原图。
通过比较灰度原图和经均衡化后的图形可见图像变得清晰，均衡化后的直方图形状比原直方图的形状更理想。效果比较见图2，程序代码如下：
x=imread（'E：＼study＼电子与通信＼Term 2＼数字图像处理DIP＼Fig1.jpg'）；
y=rgb2gray（x）；
subplot（221），imshow（y）；title（'Fig1.jpg 灰度化图像'）；
subplot（222），imhist（y）；title（'均衡化前直方图'）；
I=histeq（y）；
subplot（223），imshow（I）；title（'均衡化后图像'）；
subplot（224），imhist（I）；title（'均衡化后直方图'）；
图2
3 结论
以上图像处理实例只是对MATLAB图像工具箱的一小部分进行运用，经过更进一步的图像分割、二值化、归一化等处理，可以把芯片中的字符特征提取出来送入神经网络分类器进行识别，我们应用MATLAB神经网络工具箱对字符分类进行模拟仿真也取得了较好的效果。由此可以看出MATLAB语言简洁，可读性强，工具箱涉及的专业领域广泛且功能强大。图像工具箱几乎包括所有经典的图像处理方法。由于工具箱具有可靠性和开放性，我们可以方便地直接加以使用，也可以把自己的代码加到工具箱中以改进函数功能，同时，MATLAB中的小波工具箱也有许多函数可运用于图像处理技术。因此，在图像处理技术中使用MATLAB语言可以快速实现模拟仿真，大大提高实验效率， 如果要开发实用程序，MATLAB语言还可以通过MEX动态连接库实现与C语言的混合编程，为工程应用提供了更多的便利条件。
参考文献
[1] 王新成.高级图像处理技术[M] .北京：中国科学技术出版社，2001，18-90.
理想的格言范文4
(laughter)
camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol. and on the very first day our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit. and it went like this: "r-o-w-d-i-e, that's the way we spell rowdie. rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie." yeah. so i couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy, or why we had to spell this word incorrectly. (laughter) but i recited a cheer. i recited a cheer along with everybody else. i did my best. and i just waited for the time that i could go off and read my books.
but the first time that i took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, "why are you being so mellow?" -- mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of r-o-w-d-i-e. and then the second time i tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.
and so i put my books away, back in their suitcase, and i put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. and i felt kind of guilty about this. i felt as if the books needed me somehow, and they were calling out to me and i was forsaking them. but i did forsake them and i didn't open that suitcase again until i was back home with my family at the end of the summer.
now, i tell you this story about summer camp. i could have told you 50 others just like it -- all the times that i got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that i should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert. and i always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were. but for years i denied this intuition, and so i became a wall street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that i had always longed to be -- partly because i needed to prove to myself that i could be bold and assertive too. and i was always going off to crowded bars when i really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends. and i made these self-negating choices so reflexively, that i wasn't even aware that i was making them.
now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss. and at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss. because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best. a third to a half of the population are introverts -- a third to a half. so that's one out of every two or three people you know. so even if you're an extrovert yourself, i'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now -- all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society. we all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing.
now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is. it's different from being shy. shyness is about fear of social judgment. introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social stimulation. so extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments. not all the time -- these things aren't absolute -- but a lot of the time. so the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
but now here's where the bias comes in. our most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation. and also we have this belief system right now that i call the new groupthink, which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
so if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: when i was going to school, we sat in rows. we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously. but nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks -- four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. and kids are working in countless group assignments. even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as committee members. and for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases. and the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to research. (laughter)
okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers. and when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks -- which is something we might all favor nowadays. and interesting research by adam grant at the wharton school has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.
now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts. i'll give you some examples. eleanor roosevelt, rosa parks, gandhi -- all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy. and they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to. and this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm, not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at; they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
now i think at this point it's important for me to say that i actually love extroverts. i always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband. and we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum. even carl jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert. he said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at all. and some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. and i often think that they have the best of all worlds. but many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
and what i'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance. we need more of a yin and yang between these two types. this is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
and this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity. so darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations. theodor geisel, better known as dr. seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in la jolla, california. and he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly santa claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona. steve wozniak invented the first apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in hewlett-packard where he was working at the time. and he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up.
now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating -- and case in point, is steve wozniak famously coming together with steve jobs to start apple computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe. and in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude. it's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it. if you look at most of the world's major religions, you will find seekers -- moses, jesus, buddha, muhammad -- seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community. so no wilderness, no revelations.
this is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology. it turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
and groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas -- i mean zero. so ... (laughter) you might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not. and do you really want to leave it up to chance? much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics, and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there.
now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? and why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? one answer lies deep in our cultural history. western societies, and in particular the u.s., have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and "man" of contemplation. but in america's early days, we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude. and if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like "character, the grandest thing in the world." and they featured role models like abraham lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming. ralph waldo emerson called him "a man who does not offend by superiority."
but then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality. what happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business. and so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities. and instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers. so, quite understandably, qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important. and sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "how to win friends and influence people." and they feature as their role models really great salesmen. so that's the world we're living in today. that's our cultural inheritance.
now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant, and i'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. the same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. and the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together. but i am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
so now i'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today. guess what? books. i have a suitcase full of books. here's margaret atwood, "cat's eye." here's a novel by milan kundera. and here's "the guide for the perplexed" by maimonides. but these are not exactly my books. i brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
my grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when i was growing up, partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books. i mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books. just like the rest of my family, my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
but he also loved his congregation, and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. he would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought. and people would come from all over to hear him speak.
but here's the thing about my grandfather. underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years. and even away from the podium, when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time. but when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him. and so these days i try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way.
so i just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to write. and for me, that seven years was like total bliss, because i was reading, i was writing, i was thinking, i was researching. it was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library. but now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion. (laughter) and that's a lot harder for me, because as honored as i am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu.
so i prepared for moments like these as best i could. i spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance i could get. and i call this my "year of speaking dangerously." (laughter) and that actually helped a lot. but i'll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change. i mean, we are. and so i am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision.
number one: stop the madness for constant group work. just stop it. (laughter) thank you. (applause) and i want to be clear about what i'm saying, because i deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions -- you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas. that is great. it's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts. but we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work. school, same thing. we need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own. this is especially important for extroverted children too. they need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
okay, number two: go to the wilderness. be like buddha, have your own revelations. i'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but i am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often.
number three: take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there. so extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. whatever it is, i hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy. but introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase. and that's okay. but occasionally, just occasionally, i hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
so i wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly.
thank you very much.
理想的格言范文5
关键词：城市网格化管理；资源共享；整合
中图分类号：F29文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3198（2009）01-0045-01
1 城市网格化管理中资源共享的现存问题
（1）城市管理资源分散，职能交叉，城市管理顽疾问题无法得到有效处理。
（2）城市管理处置力量各自为政，存在着“既多又少”的怪现象。
一方面，各专业局都建有自己专业的巡视、处置队伍，总人数超过实际需求量；另一方面，每一个专业局又都反映力量不够，无法满足管理任务的需要。
（3）网格化管理的信息资源共享程度不高，指挥、调度、决策的效率较低。
2 城市网格化管理中资源共享的优化目标
（1）整合优化城市管理资源，建立全时段监控、全区域覆盖的城市管理体系，为创新城市管理体制，解决城市管理模式中资源分散、责任不清、重复作业、浪费资源等问题；
（2）按照资源网格的要求，设计良好的“随需应变”信息资源共享机制，根据城市管理案件的发生规律合理配置资源，提高资源的技术水平、共享能力与调配效率；
（3）通过资源共享的优化实现区政府、监督中心、指挥中心、相关专业管理部门之间的管理资源、人力资源和信息资源的共享、达到城市管理主动、精确、快速、统一的目标。
3 城市网格化管理中资源共享的优化手段
（1）完善现有“两轴”组织体制，强化两轴的权威性，统筹协调各职能管理部门。
要彻底解决管理资源共享难的问题，必须整合政府管理职能，建立一个强有力的指挥派遣中心，对城市管理资源实行统一指挥调度。建立“两轴”管理体制是整合政府职能，解决城市管理工作中职能管理部门多头管理、职能交叉、职责不到位现象的必然要求，应出台相应的城市管理法律法规文件，明确指挥、监督中心的职责，从城市管理流程、部件和事件的处置上强化两个中心的职能和权威性。
（2）加强城市管理巡视队伍的整合。
城市管理力量分散是制约城市管理水平提高的重要因素。可以从两个方面进行整合，一是整合城市管理专业部门的处置力量，建议由区监督中心与各专业职能部门进行沟通协商，加强对网格化巡视员的培训，适当改善其待遇，力争将全区域的巡视任务承担下来，尽量减少专业管理部门的巡视任务。二是整合城市管理专业部门和各街道办事处的处置力量。建议由指挥中心协调各专业部门和各街道办事处，将其全面整合在一起，形成条块协调一致，密切配合，共同对全区的城市管理负责。
（3）强化网格化信息系统平台的建设。
从三个方面加强信息系统平台的建设：①市、区、街道三级信息平台建设要明确重点，合理分工、规划设计促进三级层面信息共享；②网格化信息平台与各专业部门平台要互连互通。两者要在功能配置、信息流转方面设置相应接口，确保城市管理网格化信息与各职能部门的业务信息系统的互联互通。③加强共享数据库的规划。规划建立可充分反映城市管理基本特性的、统一的、及时的、可共享的城市管理数据库。
（4）建立资源共享的激励与约束机制，促使资源共享机制长效化。
首先要理清各个职能部门参与网格化管理的资源共享成本收益。即职能部门采取单独管理和资源共享管理两种做法的成本和收益，并以此建立科学的财政预算补偿机制，对资源共享行为进行激励。其次要在绩效评估体系和控制机制中纳入资源共享的评价指标。如设立资源共享程度指标、业务协同指标，对跨部门资源共享的业务增加评分权重等。
（5）引入服务外包与政府购买服务策略。
通过服务外包与政府购买服务的方式来解决资源与成本的问题，不断提高运行效率。建议根据需要购买如下服务项目：市政设施养护、污水处理、路灯设施维护、环卫清扫保洁、水资源监测、城区绿化养护等。实施政府购买公共服务不仅减轻了财政负担，提高了政府城市管理的水平和效率，而且还能通过财政资金的引导作用吸引更多的民间资本参与城市管理和建设。
4 结语
资源共享是城市网格化管理的一大优势所在，是网格化管理顺利运作的保障。随着信息技术的不断发展，资源共享的范围和深度也会有越来越不同的需求，需要不断的深入研究。
参考文献
［1］陈平.网格化城市管理新模式.［M］.北京：北京大学出版社，2006，（7）.
［2］陈平.依托数字城市技术，创建城市管理新模式［J］.中国科学院院刊，2005.
理想的格言范文6
关键词：地理环境；中国民歌；影响
地理环境对一个地区的影响是全面而巨大的，特定的地理环境是人类生活生产的先决条件，也是不同种族、不同地区的文化传统、文化面貌形成的基础，任何一个民族的传统文化都是在一定特定的空间范围内形成和发展起来的。民歌是劳动人民在生活和劳动中自己创作、自己演唱的歌曲，其集结了不同时期、不同地域、不同身份、不同经历的人民群众的集体智慧和情感体验。由于民歌在留存和分布上总是表现为一定的空间区域范围，同时又时刻受到赖以生存的地理环境（自然地理环境和社会文化环境）的影响和制约，因此，地理环境与民歌的研究有着密不可分的关系。
一、不同地理方位、地形地貌对民歌风格的影响
不同的地理方位和自然的地形地貌对各地民歌音乐风格的形成与发展有着重要的影响。首先看不同地理方位对民歌风格的影响。根据所处地理方位的不同，可将中国民歌按水系细分为西北风格区（黄河上游）、中原风格区（黄河中游）、华北风格区（黄河下游）、西南风格区（长江上游）、中南风格区（长江中游）、华东风格区（长江下游）、东北松辽风格区、东南沿海风格区和南部海岸风格区九个风格区。以黄河水系为例，西北风格区由于地处黄河上游，自然条件恶劣，因此盛行以信天游、山曲、爬山调为代表的山歌，其大都具有高亢、悠长的旋律风格，以及苍凉、凄楚、淳厚的情感特征，如《上一道坡坡下一道梁》《天下黄河几十几道弯》等。中原风格区由于地处黄河中游，地理条件较优越，因此小调流行最广，盛行装饰性润腔的民歌。其音乐风格具有双重性：既有刚健泼辣的大腔大调，又有柔和淳朴的精巧小曲。如《王大娘补缸》（见谱例1）《编花篮》等。而地处黄河下游的华北风格区由于西临大陆，东靠沿海，因此民歌种类繁多，风格多样。如靠近河北太行山的地区盛行山歌，其风格近似内蒙古中部的爬山调，旋律婉转优美，气息深邃悠长；而靠近东部沿海的海洋号子则旋律平稳抒情，节奏感强。可见，即使是在同一水系，各地也会由于所处的不同地理位置而形成不同的民歌风格。
[谱例1]
王大娘补缸
河南民歌
其次，不同的地形地貌对民歌风格有着较大影响。试以河南、河北两省民歌为例，比较不同的地形地貌对民歌风格的影响。河南地貌主要有两个特点：其一，地势西高东低，东西差异明显。其二，地表形态复杂多样，山地、丘陵、平原、盆地等地貌类型齐全。因此河南民歌大致可划分为四个音乐风格区：第一，盛行山歌的大别山、桐柏山区。该区以山地为主，故山歌、田歌盛行。其声调高亢、嘹亮，感情真挚动人。如山歌《石榴开花叶儿稀》，田歌《哈哈调》等。第二，地方韵味浓厚的伏牛山区和南阳地区。该区以山地、盆地地形为主，因而当地特色和乡土风格保留得较好。其民歌敦厚朴实，中州韵味浓郁，如淅川锣鼓曲、南阳灯歌《云彩舞》等。第三，流行田歌的豫西山区。豫西田歌中尤以卢氏县劳动号子特别突出，其曲调粗犷质朴，声腔浑厚有力。第四，小调为主的平原风格区。该区民歌以小调为主，旋律多用五声音阶，曲调平缓流畅、柔和优美。如开封《送情郎》，洛阳《十对花》等。
再看河北省，河北地形地貌复杂多样，地势西北高、东南低，分高原、山地、平原三级阶梯呈半环状逐级下降。受地势地貌的影响，河北民歌大致可分为五种音乐风格区。第一，以小调为主的冀中平原区。该区小调形式短小、旋律流畅、平稳，以叙事为主，抒情性较强，如《小白菜》。（见谱例2）第二，西部太行山区。该区地形以山地为主，兼有平原。因此，其民歌除具有一般平原歌曲的特色外，还带有明显的山歌特点，曲调爽朗，节奏流畅，如《你走那个山梁我走那个沟》。第三，独具特色的冀东地区。该区以渔民号子和小调最具特色。其号子曲调简单、节奏分明、旋律线条连绵起伏，如丰南《渔民号子》。小调则比较欢快活泼，富有律动感，如唐山《小看戏》。第四，山歌盛行的北部及西北地区。该区山歌旋律婉转优美，气息深厚绵长。第五，以小调为主的冀南地区。该区的小调叙事性较强，口语成分偏多，如邯郸地区的“武安落子”。
[谱例2]
小白菜
河北民歌
由以上分析可见，尽管河南、河北两省紧紧相邻，但由于所属的地理位置和地形地貌有所不同，各地流行的民歌风格与品种都有较大差异。因此，在研究民歌的过程中，必须首先了解不同国家与民族所处的不同地理方位，以及相关的地形地貌。要尽可能准确地划分出民歌的地理方位，详细地进行民歌种类分布及其传播的地形地貌描述，才能够显示出不同地域的民歌风格特征和文化类型，从而使人们可以从地理方位和地形地貌上对民歌风格特征进行初始的比较和认识。
二、不同的地理资源对民歌品种的影响
民歌由于不同地理资源的影响，在音乐品种方面表现出了十分明显的地区差异性。一般而言，以牧草资源为主要生计的地区多形成以牧歌为主的民歌品种；以稻粟等农作物为主要生计的地区常形成秧歌、田歌等民歌品种；而以林木资源为主要生计的地区则形成了林区号子、猎歌等民歌品种。
如我国长江下游华东一带，江海交汇，气候温润，河湖密布，土地丰饶，景色宜人，素有“鱼米之乡”的美誉。优越的地理资源使得交通便利、城镇发达，物质充沛、人们生活富足，这为小调的盛行提供了理想的环境。因此，华东一带的民歌品种以小调为主，少有山歌及劳动号子。其音乐风格清丽柔缦而不失风骨，轻灵雅致又不失淳朴。如《紫竹调》《顺采茶，倒采茶》等。而西北的黄土高原一带，沟壑纵横，交通不便，城镇稀少，物质匮乏，人民生活困苦，这为山歌的传唱提供了理想的场景。在这种地理资源情况下形成的山歌旋律悠长、奔放、苍凉、深沉，充分体现了当地的地方特色。如《走西口的人儿转回来》《三十里名山二十里水》等。
再看山西地理资源对山西民歌的影响。山西省境为一个整体隆起、中间低凹的山地高原，历史上以农业为主，建国后成为我国的煤炭之乡和能源基地。受地理资源的影响，山西的民歌品种较为多样，既盛行小调、秧歌，又流行山歌。一般而言，晋中、晋南以及晋东南由于地处盆地，地理资源相对丰富，因此小调、秧歌盛行。其音乐曲调富于歌唱性，旋律起伏跌宕、委婉曲折，地方色彩浓郁，如著名的祁太秧歌《看秧歌》，交城小调《交城山》。（见谱例3）同时，还流行地灯、竹马、花船等歌舞小调，多属载歌载舞的表演形式。而晋西北以山地、高原为主，地理资源相对较差，因此山歌最盛。其音调高亢、嘹亮，节奏自由，极具山野风味。其中，以河曲的山曲最负盛名，如《提起哥哥走西口》《人家都在你不在》。
[谱例3]
交城山
山西民歌
可见，不同的自然地理资源常常是造就不同民歌品种的物质基础，人们要依据不同的自然资源并采用相应的生产方式去进行生产、开发，从而产生了相应的民歌。因此，在进行民歌研究时，必须注意研究各地相关的自然地理资源和相应的生产方式，将其与不同的民歌品种结合起来，从而更好地把握住不同民歌品种的各自特色。
三、不同社会文化环境对民歌审美风格的影响
地理环境包括自然地理环境和人文地理环境两方面。不同国家、不同民族的社会文化环境对民歌的审美风格影响很大，体现出复杂多样的审美习惯和文化传统。试以山西民歌与山东民歌为例，比较不同的社会文化环境对各地民歌审美风格所产生的巨大影响。
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首先看山西民歌，山西历史文化脉络清晰，框架完整，是地方文化特色最浓厚的地区之一。山西虽然资源丰富，但土地贫瘠，加上长期的生产方式交融和民族交融，形成了吸收、融合的文化特色，并进而形成睿智、中庸、善于经商理财、适应性强的性格特点。简言之，山西特殊的地理环境和文化传统培育了山西人偏爱粗犷开朗的艺术传统和深沉质朴的审美情趣，因此山西民歌多数具有高亢奔放、质朴明朗的性格特征。
如河曲山曲《提起哥哥走西口》，该曲反映了离别之痛，是河曲“走西口”生活的代表曲目之一。歌曲开始在全曲的最高音上，然后逐渐下行。起伏不大的旋律和4/8、3/8拍两种短型节拍的交替出现，削弱了歌曲的歌唱性，使口语化和宣叙性得以加强，深刻揭示出女主人公撕肝裂肺的悲恸之情。同时，直白、无任何修饰的歌词，更准确地表达了女主人公强烈的、难舍难离的感情。（见谱例4）
[谱例4]
提起哥哥走西口
山西民歌
再看山东民歌，山东民歌与儒家文化有着天然的、相互交融的关系。儒家思想文化对山东民歌的审美风格有着直接和深刻的影响。在儒家重现实生活、倡导与民同乐的思想影响下，山东民歌的内容多与世俗生活劳动有关。温柔敦厚、讲求和谐的儒家思想使山东人的性格显得豪放宽容、朴实诙谐，由此也形成了山东民歌质朴敦厚、诙谐风趣的整体审美特征。
如山东情歌，山东情歌里含蓄内敛、中正平和者居多，少有强烈的感情倾诉与表达。其歌词多用双关语，演唱时普遍带有某种调侃味，部分地区还将情歌称为“酸曲”“荤歌”。事实上，这正是山东民歌受儒家思想影响的结果，儒家倡导的“克己复礼”以及由此形成的礼法秩序及氛围，限制了人们对感情的直接表达。故山东民歌中常以寻常事物来隐喻感情，情感色彩上或半隐半露、或充满调侃意味，如《光棍哭妻》《尼姑思凡》等。
可见，不同的文化氛围造就了不同区域人群的性格。民歌有着丰富的文化内涵，它不仅反映各民族的现实生活，更折射出一定的音乐观念、和人生态度等深层的文化内涵。因此，在进行民歌研究时，要仔细考察不同国家、不同民族的传统文化背景，深入探究其对音乐审美风格的影响，只有将二者结合起来考察，才能准确地描述和研究所涉及的民歌事象。
综上所述，由于地理环境对于民歌的形成、发展以及风格特色、品种类别有着较大的影响，因此，在研究民歌的过程中，应提倡将地理环境与民歌相结合的综合性研究，只有将二者结合起来进行全面地、综合性地考察，才能得到准确、客观、透彻的研究成果。
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