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纳兰的词范文1
关键词:纳兰性德 爱情 爱情词
纳兰性德,满清著名词人。他的词清新婉丽,独具真情锐感,直指本心,在他生前刻本出版后产生过“家家争唱”的轰动效应。在他身后,纳兰被誉为“满清第一词人”、“第一学人”。[1]他的主要成就在词方面,先后集结为《侧帽词》和《饮水词》,后人多称纳兰词。内容涉及极为广泛,爱情、友情、江南、咏史咏物,边塞词也有很多,而悼亡词在他这里达到了一个顶峰。其词独具真情的敏锐感,直指本心,其中尤以爱情(悼亡词)最为交感凄艳、引人共鸣。现代心理学认为,人的体验有两种,一种是丰富性体验,即由于生活的美满、爱的温暖、事业的成功以及潜能的充分实现等所引起的满足、愉快的情感体验,一种是缺失性体验,即由于生活的不幸、爱的失落、事业的失败以及潜能的无法实现等所引起的痛苦、焦虑等情感体验。[2]文艺创作似乎与这种缺失性体验有着不解之缘。纳兰性德的爱情词创作似乎印证了这一说法。
一.纳兰性德的爱情
爱情是人类感情的升华,是内心情感的流露,是与生俱来的, 也是人类生活中不可或缺的一个重要组成部分,同时又是文学艺术里永恒的主题。但爱情对于每一个人,却又表现出千差万别的形态,喜怒哀乐,悲欢离合,种种不一。纳兰性德的一生是短暂的,而他短暂的爱情更是他短暂一生最大的凄美,也是其爱情词的主要源泉。
纳兰性德的初恋是他的表妹,那个女子后来进宫当了皇上的女人,这是容若一生引以为憾的事情。后来奉父母之命,娶了卢氏,但他不爱她,可卢氏却对他一往情深,后来被她感动,但是卢氏早逝,这让他很悲痛,许多年后他偶然在树下拾到卢氏配戴过的翠翘,不禁潸然泪下。对于沈婉,似乎幸福的短暂出现只是为了以后的失去作好铺垫,两人曾“相见恨晚”,却最终是个郁郁而散的结局,容若宛如一个忧郁的王子,他的爱情总是充满了太多的诀别和无奈。正如他所说:“人生若只如初见,多好。你是你的绝代佳人,我仍是我的旷世明主,没有开始,也就没有那般潦草的结局。”[3]无论过程有多麽的深刻,可是最终也只能成追忆,谁辜负了谁,又有什么关系呢。
二.情感经历对词形成的作用
爱情作为一种意识,总是通过能动形式表现出深刻的哲理。纳兰性德失意和凄美的爱情通过一曲曲凄凉哀厉的词展现出他内心的无奈和悲痛,于是形成了“恋情词”“悼亡词”“相思词”。
1.恋情词
纳兰性德与表妹自小青梅竹马,并曾有婚约,不幸的是,那女子后来被选入宫中。有缘无份,有情人被拆散,这是人生永远的隐恨。纳兰的“恋情词”充满了太多的悔恨和追忆“十年青鸟音尘绝,往事不堪思”(《少年游》),“此情已是成追忆,零落鸳鸯,雨歇微凉,十一年梦一场”(《采桑子》)。 又如《虞美人》:
银床淅沥青梧老,苑矍矧松ā2上阈写蹙连钱,拾得翠翘何恨不能言。回廊一寸相思地,落月成孤倚。背灯和月就花阴,已是十年踪迹十年心。
词中的“回廊”,是一处词人与所爱之人曾有过恋情的地方,然而,那段恋情却已逝去了十年之久,伊人已不在,唯有历历往事、难以忘却的思念还在词人心头永久萦绕。纳兰还写过一首《减字木兰花》:
相逢不语,一朵芙蓉著秋雨。小晕红潮,斜溜鬟心只凤翘。待将低唤,直为凝情恐人见。欲诉幽怀,转过回阑叩玉钗。
开头四字紧扣心弦,相爱者偶然相遇,心事却难以诉说,只能四目交投,默默远走。这种神态,恰是人物内心矛盾的真切表达,尽见苦闷之状。第二句写情人貌美如芙蓉,那淹润的泪痕一如鲜花雨。后二句是描摹美人突然间脸飞红晕,抖动的玉钗泄露了心事。恰是一幅静态人物素描。下片则承前而动:乍一相逢,再难见面,“待将低唤”,可是声音还未出口,又咽了回去。只因“恐人见”。可如此分开又心存不甘,于是抓紧时间,转过回廊,在不显眼的地方轻叩玉钗。这暗示的举动,在满是温情的心中又深蕴着万般无奈的凄苦,若即若离。
2.悼亡词
纳兰性德一生的爱情生活以及他的爱情词失意多于得意,眼泪多于欢乐,悲凄伤感,幽怨苦多。虽然我们也能看到几篇描写爱情欢乐的词章,如《浣溪沙》(十八年来堕世间),描绘了妻子卢氏的美艳娇好,表达了诗人对她无限怜爱和赞赏的激情;《浣溪沙》(旋拂轻容写洛神)、《眼儿媚》(重见星娥碧海查),描写了与爱妻别后重逢的喜悦之情,等等。但这样的作品实在是寥寥可数。而其表达爱情痛苦,摹写悲叹和眼泪的作品倒是随处可睹,俯拾皆是。其中最使人荡气回肠,伤情动感的要数他那些悼亡之作:
青衫湿遍,凭伊慰我,忍便相忘。半月前头扶病,剪刀声、犹在银f。忆生来、小胆怯空房。到而今、独伴梨花影,冷冥冥、尽意凄凉。愿指魂兮识路,教寻梦也回廊。
咫尺玉钩斜路,一般消受,蔓草残阳。判把长眠滴醒,和清泪、搅入椒浆。怕幽泉、还为我神伤。道薄命宜将息,再休耽、怨粉愁香。料得重圆密誓,难尽寸裂柔肠。――《青衫湿遍・悼亡》
纳兰的前妻卢氏卒于康熙十六年五月三十日,事隔半月,诗人便唱出了这哀痛欲绝的悲歌,而且从此以后“悼亡之吟不少,知己之恨尤多”。无论是亡妻的生辰忌日,也无论是诗人身在家园塞上、醒里梦里,始终没有停止他的哀吟挽唱。这些词或标明悼亡:《青衫湿遍・悼亡》、《沁园春・代悼亡》;或作了标题:《金缕曲・亡妇忌日有感》、《南乡子・为亡妇题照》、《于中好・十月初四夜风雨,其明日是亡妇生辰》;或作了题序:《沁园春》:“丁巳重阳前三日,梦亡妇素妆淡服,执手哽咽,语多不复能记。但临别有云:“衔恨愿为天上月,年年犹得向郎圆。”妇素未工诗,不知何以得此也,觉后感赋。”序与词璧合,凄清伤感,深细动人。而其大量的悼亡之作则是未予明示,但显然是为亡妻而赋的:
辛苦最怜天上月。一昔如环,昔昔都成i。若似月轮终皎洁,不辞冰雪为卿热。无那尘缘容易绝。燕子依然,软蹋帘钩说。唱罢秋坟愁未歇,春丛认取双栖蝶。 ――《蝶恋花》
风絮飘残已化萍,泥莲刚倩藕丝索。珍重别拈香一瓣,记前生。人到情多情转薄,而今真个悔多情。又到断肠回首处,泪偷零。――《山花子》
凤髻抛残秋草生。高梧湿月冷无声。当时七夕记深盟。信得羽衣传钿合,悔教罗袜葬倾城。人间空唱雨淋铃。――《浣溪沙》
这些词低徊缠绵,哀惋凄切,确是令人不忍卒读。此外也有的是借咏物的形式抒写悼亡之旨:
飞絮飞花何处是,层冰积雪摧残。疏疏一树五更寒,爱他明月好,憔悴也相关。
最是繁丝摇落后,转教人忆春山。湔裙梦断续应难,西风多少恨,吹不散眉弯。――《临江仙・寒柳》
陈廷焯评此词说:“言中有物,几令人感激涕零。容若词亦以此篇为压卷。”则批语为:“悼亡。”明白指出此词为纳兰悼亡妻而作。聊列数篇,纳兰的悼亡词可由此而窥豹一斑了。这些作品可以说篇篇凄绝,哀伤悲怆,唱出了纳兰字字泣血的心声。诚如前人所说,其词“如寡妇夜哭,缠绵幽咽,不能终听。”
还有一次他梦见妻子淡装素服,执着他的手,哽咽着讲了许多话,临行送他两句诗“衔恨愿为天上月,年年犹得向郎圆”。夫人不擅诗,何以作此佳句,醒来悲伤不已,怅然作《沁园春》:
瞬息浮生,薄命如斯,低徊怎忘。记绣榻闲时,并吹红雨;雕栏曲处,同倚斜阳。梦好难留,诗残莫续,赢得更深哭一场。遗容在,只灵飙一转,未许端详。
这首词是以记梦的形式所写的悼亡之作,历来为人称赏。其悱恻缠绵、声声血泪,可以与苏轼的《江城子》记梦词相媲美。该词情真意切,哀婉动人,深刻地表现了词人的亡妻之痛和对妻逝去的万般无奈。全篇跌宕起伏,一波三折,低回深婉,哀怨动人。
3.相思词
除了以上的作品外,纳兰还有一部分情词是相思的,写的不仅是纳兰对卢氏还有对沈婉的相思。如《梦江南》:
昏鸦尽,小立恨因谁?急雪乍翻香阁絮,轻风吹到胆瓶梅,心字已成灰。
这首《梦江南》是纳兰对在水一方的某位女子的深深思念,其实说的就是沈婉。还有一些词是借用古题古意来表达相思之情:
鸳瓦已新霜,欲寄寒衣转自伤。见说征人容易瘦,端相。梦里回时仔细量。
支枕怯空房,且拭清砧就月光。已是深秋兼独夜,凄凉。月到西南更断肠。――《南乡子・捣衣》
这些词虽不像纳兰的悼亡之作那样悲凄幽咽,哀怨绵长,但其孤独凄清,别恨悠悠的苦情则依然是灼人心脾,依旧呈现出一种“灰色”的格调,读之令人悒悒不欢。
托马斯・活尔夫说过:一切严肃的作品说到底必然是自传性质的,而且一个人如果想要创造出任何一件具有价值的东西,他必须用他自己生活中的素材和经历。纳兰容若的作品就是这样。他以内心的丰富情感体验为基础,把所有的幸福和无奈哀伤,通过一曲曲清新哀厉的词,让我们真实的看到了这个才华横溢和哀痛无奈集于一身的富家公子的人生。
参考文献
[1]苏樱.纳兰词点评[M].西安:陕西师范大学出版社,2010,(3).
[2]张菊玲.清代满族作家文学概论[M].北京:中央民族学院出版社,1990.
[3]王国维.人间词话[M].上海:上海古籍整理出版社,1988(3).
[4]薛梅.憔悴谁知浪得生――浅谈纳兰性德爱情词中的苦情咏叹[J].承德师专学报,2005.
[5]黄天骥.纳兰性德和他的词[M].广州:广东人民出版社,1983.
[6]张草x.纳兰性德词选[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2006.
[7]童庆炳.中国古代心理诗学与美学[M].北京:中华书局,1992.
注 释
[1]苏樱.纳兰词点评[M].西安:陕西师范大学出版社,2010,(3).
[2]童庆炳.中国古代心理诗学与美学[M].北京:中华书局,1992,3.
纳兰的词范文2
2、旧事逐寒朝,啼鹃恨未消。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·问君何事轻离别》
3、春云吹散湘帘雨,絮黏蝴蝶飞还住。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·春云吹散湘帘雨》
4、百花冷暖避东风。——纳兰性德《临江仙·丝雨如尘云著水》
5、微晕娇花湿欲流,簟纹灯影一生愁。——纳兰性德《浣溪沙·咏五更和湘真韵》
6、自与东君作别,刬地无聊。——纳兰性德《风流子·秋郊即事》
7、记玉勒青丝,落花时节,曾逢拾翠,忽听吹箫。——纳兰性德《风流子·秋郊即事》
8、分明小像沉香缕,一片伤心欲画难。——纳兰性德《于中好·送梁汾南还为题小影》
9、空将云路翼,缄恨在雕笼。——纳兰性德《咏笼莺》
10、杨柳千条送马蹄,北来征雁旧南飞。——纳兰性德《浣溪沙·杨柳千条送马蹄》
11、悬崖一线天疑裂。——纳兰性德《忆秦娥·山重叠》
12、乍逐横山时近远,东西。——纳兰性德《南乡子·秋暮村居》
13、曲阑深处重相见,匀泪偎人颤。——纳兰性德《虞美人·曲阑深处重相见》
14、故宫事往凭谁问,无恙是朱颜。——纳兰性德《眼儿媚·咏红姑娘》
15、寒月悲笳,万里西风瀚海沙。——纳兰性德《采桑子·塞上咏雪花》
16、小屏山色远,妆薄铅华浅。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·隔花才歇帘纤雨》
17、半生已分孤眠过,山枕檀痕涴。——纳兰性德《虞美人·曲阑深处重相见》
18、飞絮飞花何处是,层冰积雪摧残,疏疏一树五更寒。——纳兰性德《临江仙·寒柳》
19、一任紫玉无情,夜寒吹裂。——纳兰性德《琵琶仙·中秋》
20、人生须行乐,君知否?容易两鬓萧萧。——纳兰性德《风流子·秋郊即事》
21、色香空尽转生香,明月小银塘。——纳兰性德《一丛花·咏并蒂莲》
22、月华如水,波纹似练,几簇淡烟衰柳。——纳兰性德《踏莎行·月华如水》
23、红泪偷垂,满眼春风百事非。——纳兰性德《采桑子·当时错》
24、又到断肠回首处,泪偷零。——纳兰性德《山花子·风絮飘残已化萍》
25、阑风伏雨催寒食,樱桃一夜花狼藉。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·阑风伏雨催寒食》
26、非关癖爱轻模样,冷处偏佳。——纳兰性德《采桑子·塞上咏雪花》
27、从来幽怨应无数?铁马金戈,青冢黄昏路。——纳兰性德《蝶恋花·出塞》
28、信回刚道别多时。——纳兰性德《浣溪沙·杨柳千条送马蹄》
29、难怪春愁细细添。——纳兰性德《赤枣子·风淅淅》
30、娇软不胜垂,瘦怯那禁舞。——纳兰性德《卜算子·新柳》
31、春归归不得,两桨松花隔。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·问君何事轻离别》
32、独睡起来情悄悄,寄愁何处好。——纳兰性德《谒金门·风丝袅》
33、无处不伤心,轻尘在玉琴。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·萧萧几叶风兼雨》
34、早月多情,送过梨花影。——纳兰性德《鬓云松令·咏浴》
35、中原事业如江左,芳草何须怨六朝。——纳兰性德《秣陵怀古·山色江声共寂寥》
36、伏雨朝寒愁不胜,那能还傍杏花行。——纳兰性德《浣溪沙·伏雨朝寒愁不胜》
37、骚屑西风弄晚寒,翠袖倚阑干。——纳兰性德《眼儿媚·咏红姑娘》
38、桂花时节约重还。——纳兰性德《于中好·送梁汾南还为题小影》
39、隔花才歇帘纤雨,一声弹指浑无语。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·隔花才歇帘纤雨》
40、别语忒分明,午夜鹣鹣梦早醒。——纳兰性德《南乡子·为亡妇题照》
41、烧痕残碧尽,霜影乱红凋。——纳兰性德《风流子·秋郊即事》
42、麦浪翻晴风飐柳,已过伤春候。——纳兰性德《四和香·麦浪翻晴风飐柳》
43、萧萧几叶风兼雨,离人偏识长更苦。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·萧萧几叶风兼雨》
44、独自立瑶阶,透寒金缕鞋。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·隔花才歇廉纤雨》
45、鞭影落春堤,绿锦鄣泥卷。——纳兰性德《生查子·鞭影落春堤》
46、终古闲情归落照,一春幽梦逐游丝。——纳兰性德《浣溪沙·杨柳千条送马蹄》
47、谁家刻烛待春风。——纳兰性德《浣溪沙·庚申除夜》
48、人在玉楼中,楼高四面风。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·春云吹散湘帘雨》
49、梁燕自双归,长条脉脉垂。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·隔花才歇廉纤雨》
50、塞马一声嘶,残星拂大旗。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·朔风吹散三更雪》
51、别有根芽,不是人间富贵花。——纳兰性德《采桑子·塞上咏雪花》
52、月也异当时,凄清照鬓丝。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·催花未歇花奴鼓》
53、重泉若有双鱼寄。——纳兰性德《金缕曲·亡妇忌日有感》
54、珍重别拈香一瓣,记前生。——纳兰性德《山花子·风絮飘残已化萍》
55、休近小阑干,夕阳无限山。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·春云吹散湘帘雨》
56、蓦地一相逢,心事眼波难定。——纳兰性德《如梦令·正是辘轳金井》
57、明日近长安,客心愁未阑。——纳兰性德《菩萨蛮·白日惊飚冬已半》
58、是一般风景,两样心情。——纳兰性德《红窗月·燕归花谢》
59、帘影碧桃人已去,屧痕苍藓径空留。——纳兰性德《浣溪沙·雨歇梧桐泪乍收》
60、楚天魂梦与香消,青山暮暮朝朝。——纳兰性德《河渎神·风紧雁行高》
纳兰的词范文3
Evolving Towards BasicallyBalanced Trade
China's trade surplus started gettingnoticeable in the 1ate 1990s and acceler-ated rapidly in the 21st century,reachinga peak before the international financialcrisis began to impact on trade in 2oo8.As Figure z shows,after 2008 the tradesurplus fell somewhat,and the gap nar-rowed further in 2010.
China's trade surplus in 2010 was US$183.1 billion,a year-on-year drop of 6.61percent,and the second successive annualfall.The narrowing of the margin wasmainly caused by China's dynamic do-mestic economy as the effects of China'simport expansion strategy have becomemore apparent.With the lifting of pro-eessing trade restrictions,which had beenimposed to curb exports,imporfs of pro-eessing trade-related bulk raw materialsincreased correspondingly.
In 2010,China's trade surplus ac-counted for 3.1 percent of its GDP.Someexperts have predicted that the proportionwill drop to 1 percent in 2011.We remem-ber vividly that in his letter to the G20summit last year,Timothy Geithner,U.S.Treasury Secretary,called upon membercountries to formulate quantitative tar-gets to.improve the current account im-balance and to bring down the proportionof the current account surplus/deficit toGDP to under 4 percent by 2015.WhetherChina supports this idea or otherwise,judging from the present situation,thedrastic decrease in the percentage shareof China's trade surplus in its overall GDPwill become a trend,indicating a basicallybalanced development trend in China'sforeign trade.
China's import and export trade datafor 2010 indicate that the growth mode ofChina's foreign trade is being transformedand upgraded.In 2010,while process-ing trade maintained steady growth inimports and exports,there was a rapidincrease in general trade imports andexports,replacing processing to accountfor half of the total trade volume.Interms of export structure,in 2010 China'straditional bulk commodity exportsmaintained good growth momentum andexports of electromechanical productswith high added-value increased by 30.9percent,accounting for about 6o percentof the gross export value.
In the first six months of 2010,thetotal value of China's general trade wasUS $679.49 billion,a leap of 46.5 percent,an increase of 3.4 percentage points overthat for overall trade for the same period;the deficit in general trade was US $37.09 billion,in contrast to a surplus in generaltrade of US $6.35 billion in the first sixmonths of 2009,which indicated thatChina's foreign trade strategy of adjustingthe structure,and improving the balancehad achieved a positive result.Since July15,2010,China has cancelled tax rebateson 406 tariff items including partial typesof steel and non-ferrous metal process-ing materials,demonstrating the centralgovernment's determination to adjust theexport structure.
In addition,the proportion of China'strade surplus to the total trade sum de-creased from 11.6 percent in 2oo8 to 8.9percent in 2009,and it dropped evenfurther to 6.2 percent in 2010.It is pre-dicted that the proportion will continue todecline in 2011,with China's foreign tradebecoming more balanced.
As regards the type of commodities,primary products are in deficit on thewhole,and manufactured goods are insurplus in general.Of the primary prod-ucts,food products,live animals for fooduse,beverages,and tobacco productshave a trade surplus,and the rest have atrade deficit.Of the manufactured goods,miscellaneous manufactures,machin-ery and transport equipment,textileproducts,rubber products and miningproducts have a trade surplus.In terms ofindustrial classification,the vast majorityof the trade surplus has been created bycommunications equipment,computerand other electronic equipment manu-facturing,textile and garment,footwearmanufacturing,textiles,leather and furproducts sectors.
In 2010,clothing,shoes,and luggageproducts accounted,as they have tradi-tionally done,for an important proportionof all export products.Aside from this,the export value of high-teeh productsreached US $492.4 billion,representing31 percent of total exports and display-ing the clear effect of favorable policiesintroduced by the Chinese government inrecent years.
Huge Impact of FDI on ExportGrowth and Trade Surplus
China's trade surplus stems fromeconomic globalization and transferredindustrial links,not global economicimbalance.
China's surplus owes its existence tospecific structural conditions.Process-ing trade is the principal form of foreigninvestment in China.In the late 1900sthe surplus in processing trade beganto rapidly overtake that of the generaltrade surplus,and processing trade basessupported mainly by foreign-funded en-terprises were gradually formed acrossthe country (see Figure 2).Nowadays,the international division of labor hasdeveloped from product specialization toa chain operation that limits the variousdistributed modes of production for asingle product across different countriesand regions,This will inevitably gener-ate trade between the countries involvedin the produet,s intermediate stages.Theprincipal beneficiaries of China's tradesurplus are transnational corporationsengaged in processing trade in China,forexample in electronic goods.Fully 80 per- cent of China's 2010 trade surplus withthe U.S.in 2010 was generated by suchtransnational corporations.These enter-prises form an Asian production network,and not only profit hugely from laborand environmental cost advantages,butalso export immense numbers of finishedproducts to European and American mar-kets.Thus a trade surplus manifests be-tween China and these trading partners.
In addition,the proportion of the sur-plus generated by foreign enterprises toChina's total trade surplus is now greaterthan the share generated by enterprisesin other forms of ownership (see Figure3)- This situation also has to do with theintermediate-product division of labor ininternational products,and is in line withthe flow direction of international directinvestment.Employing various forms ofinvestment,transnational corporationsallocate different links of the productionchain for a particular product to differentcountries and regions.China,with its ad-vantages of abundant cheap labor,prefer-ential investment policies,stable politicalenvironment and relatively sound legalenvironment,has attracted huge foreigninvestment,and the growth trend of for-eign investment will be maintained forsome while.
In the globalizafion process China hasbecome an important link in internationalindustrial transfer,and an importantdestination for transferred manufactur-ing enterprises.Those foreign enterprisesimport raw materials,productionequipment and key componentsinto China,shift the processingand production elements thereand then export the final prod-ucts to their target markets.FromChina's import and export flowdirections,it can be seen that aglobal industrial labor divisionpattern has come into being,inwhich East Asia is the componentsupplier,China is the process-ing and manufacturing base,and the U.S.and Europe are thekey technology developers and ma-jor markets.
Changes in international divi-sion of labor have led to a stablesituation of China's trade balancewith other countries.China importsa large number of raw materialsand semi-finished products fromEast Asian countries and regions.After processing and assembly,the finished products are exportedto the American and Europeanmarkets.This situation has led to atransformation of the original pic-ture in which East Asian countrieshad a trade surplus with the U.S.and the E.U.into one in which the surplusis China's.Therefore,the China-U.S.andChina-Europe trade surplus has increaseddramatically.According to figures fromChina Customs,the China-U.S.trade sur-plus reached US $181.3 billion in 2010,and that with the E.U.topped US $142.7billion.Meanwhile,China's trade deficitwith Japan,ROK,ASEAN and Taiwan to-taled U.S $227.6 billion.
Measures Adopted toExpand Imports
The year 2011 is the first year ofChina's 12th Five-year Plan for NationalEconomic and Social Development,and foreign trade policies will emphasizetransforming trade modes,adjustingtrade structure,and promoting coordina-tion,with the focus on promoting basicbalance and steady growth of trade.How-ever,there are still many uncertainties in China's trade environment,with favorableand unfavorable factors coexisting.Favor-able factors for export include improve-ment of Chinese enterprises' internationalcompetitiveness,the gradual recoveryof the global economy,and the possiblegrowth of market demand after long beingsuppressed because of the financial crisis.Unfavorable factors for export includeweak growth in household consump-tion caused by high unemployment ratesin the developed countries,aggravatedprotectionism and uncertain impact ofappreciation of the RMB on the strneturaladjustment of trade.For the foreseeablefuture,China will maintain the stabilityof its support policies for the processingtrade,and will put emphasis on encour-aging foreign-funded enterprises to es-tablish headquarters and R&D centers inChina,so as to accelerate the formation ofdomestic industrial chains.
The import expansion concept,ges-tating since 2007,has now become anational strategy.This year,China willadopt eight measures to encourage ira-ports and promote balanced trade.One,in accordance with the requirements ofits industrial policies,China will activelyimport resources,advanced technologiesand key equipment.Two,China will prop:erly cope with trade frictions and disputesand encourage imports from the maincountries having trade deficit with China.Three,China will further optimize theimport tariff structure,and guide enter-prises to expand imports.Four,China willcontinue to promote convenience in trade and reduce import fees and .costs. Five,China will constantly improve the public information service sys-
纳兰的词范文4
第一次知道纳兰词是因为妈妈买了一本《纳兰词》回来,买回来以后我就起了好奇心,《纳兰词》是什么?于是,我就看了那本书。看完以后,我发现我爱不释手了。我喜欢上了纳兰词,喜欢上纳兰容若,喜欢他的那份才,喜欢他的那份情,喜欢他的惆怅,喜欢令人惊异的纳兰词世界。
文质亦君子
令人惊异的纳兰词世界,那份才,不可少。
出身是决定一个人命运的有力的因素。纳兰容若出身于贵族,他是清朝大学士纳兰明珠之子。这一条件便让他自小就接受了精英级的满、汉两种传统教育,造就了他一副贵公子的气质与风骨。但他又不同于一般的富家子弟。在他看来,浮华如同过眼烟云,官宦亦如苦海无边。他不屑金阶玉堂的前程,更爱结交落拓文人。因而他的词,脱去了晏殊的浮华,更多的是清新隽秀,“人生若只如初见,何事秋风悲画扇”,“情到多时情转薄”,“当时只道是寻常”„„他的一瞬间让眼高于天的王国维都不得不赞叹地说:“北宋以来,一人而已。”
质胜文则史,文胜质则野,文质彬彬,纳兰也。
凝情恐人见
令人惊异的纳兰词世界,那份情,不可少。
纳兰容若也是性情中人,一首《减字木兰花》感动了多少有情人,那画中的女子,那咫尺天涯,到底埋藏了多少柔情和心酸,也许只有他自己知道,要不然他怎能混入皇宫,偷见内眷?作为一个八旗子弟,他不是不知道迈进那个禁忌森严的院落意味着什么。但他又顾不了什么,千言万语只得化作“相逢不相语”,想开口低唤,却是“凝情恐人见”;想一诉离愁,终却“回阑叩玉钗”„„风住影旧人不归,孤影未眠梦不回,谁知,一曲离殇终不悔!
回廊九曲,心思九曲;玉钗恩重,你我知心。
心字已成灰
令人惊异的纳兰词世界,那份惆怅,不可少。
明明生于温柔富贵,却满篇哀感顽艳。“相思相望不相亲”,“一生一世一双人”。身为满清八旗子弟,情难圆,志不伸。他不得不将心事纠结于眉,郁结于心,最终化为了凄美的文字。解得纳兰词,便解得一位故交的委婉心曲。
纳兰的词范文5
关于他的家族出身:
出身叶赫那拉氏,其父为当朝大学士,其母为英亲王之女爱新觉罗氏。这样显赫的身世,可谓是名门望族的翩翩公子,一生荣华享不尽,一世恩荣常伴随。可他仍旧不走寻常路,从他的词中可以大体窥见他的一生。有人说,人生如逆旅,我本惆怅客,是纳兰性德短暂一生的写照。
关于他的爱情故事:
有的电视剧中展开想象,将康熙皇帝和纳兰容若的表妹作为主角,纳兰容若则充当配角,爱而不得,满腹才情且伤情。可我看,纳兰容若完全可以作为主角的,他生命中也出现过四位女子,有的擦肩而过,有的错失一生,有的平淡相守,有的深情相伴。
纳兰的词范文6
他自诩是天上痴情种,不是人间富贵花。他拥有富贵奢华却渴望布衣清欢,他处红墙绿瓦却思竹篱茅舍,他的一生沿着宿命的轨迹行走不偏不倚不长不短,整整三十一载,在人家他繁花似锦却终究不如一株草木。伫立在光阴的路口,随历史的风逆流,去寻找一段三百年前的清朝遗梦。
纳兰容若与表妹曾有婚约,“正是辘轳金井,满是落花红冷。蓦地一相逢,心事眼波难定”。容若还是一个心事眼波难定的风流少年时,遇见自己的表妹,该来的感情波涛汹涌地来了。只可惜如此美妙的邂逅,不过是昙花一现。
短暂的初恋过后,便是表妹的入宫,“谁省,睡省,从此箪纹灯影”,容若的相思苦恋的痛苦忧伤就更加突出了。为见表妹,纳兰容若不禁乔装成僧人。只可惜“一朵芙蓉着秋雨”的表妹与他在如此的宫廷内只得“相逢不语”静默无言地相对,“转过回阑扣玉钗”。
表妹为保贞节,自缢而死。纳兰的初恋,也就烟消云散,徒留伤感了。
纳兰与妻子卢氏琴瑟相和,“绣榻闲时,并吹红雨,雕栏曲处,同倚斜阳”。婚后四年卢氏红颜薄命,香消玉殒。
妻子的死,让纳兰更是伤心欲绝,怀念妻子,睹物思人,愁绪满怀。“此情已自成追忆,零落鸳鸯,雨歇微凉,十一年前梦一场。”在落花时节,他望着满眼残红,想起亡妻的种种好处,想起昔日的闲情逸事,不由得黯然伤神,感怀断肠。
再之后,便是那个传奇而浪漫的江南女子――沈宛。她带给了纳兰不一样的感受,因为她本身便是不一样的烟火。可是烟火抵不过流年,时间太轻浅。杯酒灯盏,觥筹交错,因缘交会。
而纳兰呢,那个有着丰富内心的男子,仿佛只是人间游历的惆怅客,三十一岁便告别了烟火红尘。
纳兰一生,什么都拥有,什么都被人羡慕,偏偏感情颇为不顺。怪不得纳兰好友称“家家争唱饮水词,纳兰心事几人知”。
是啊,纳兰的内心是寂寞的,功名利禄,钱财珠宝,他都不稀罕。当人们的物质生活达到顶峰的时候,才会思考精神财富,所以那个时候,纳兰是孤独的。
山一程,水一程,身向榆关那畔行。夜深千帐灯。