经典成语故事范例6篇

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经典成语故事

经典成语故事范文1

曹操有个小儿子叫曹冲,从小聪明过人。曹操非凡宠爱他,想立他为继续人。

有一年,南方献给曹操一只极漂亮的山鸡,可是它在殿堂上不肯鸣舞。众人束手无策,认为请曹冲来也许有办法。为什么这五六岁的孩子受人器重呢?前不久,孙权送来一头大象,北方人从未见过,很想知道它的重量,就是没法称。曹冲在边上如此这般说了一通,曹操觉得很有道理,就吩咐按曹冲的办法去称。曹冲命人把大象牵到空船上,看船吃水有多深,在船舷两边刻上记号。然后把大象牵上岸去,再拿粮包、石头装到船上,装到刻记号的地方为止。曹冲再让人把船上的粮包、石头分别点数,过称。这些东西的总重量就是大象的重量。现在曹冲被请到殿堂上,他一看到山鸡,就命人取一面铜镜来。山鸡在铜镜前看到自己漂亮的形体,仿佛置身于明净的湖面,居然连连欢叫、翩翩起舞。山鸡越舞越自得,竟不知停歇,直至倒地死去。

成语“山鸡舞镜”比喻顾影自怜,自鸣自得。可惜,聪颖无比的曹冲只活到13岁便死了。曹操痛悼爱子早亡,失去了理想的继续人。

经典成语故事范文2

A man from the state of Chu wanted to sell a precious pearl in the state of Zheng. He made a casket for the pearl out of the wood from a magnolia tree, which he fumigated1 with spices. He studded the casket with pearls and jade2, ornamented3 it with red gems4 and decorated it with kingfisher feathers. A man of the state of Zheng bought the casket and gave him back the pearl.

Too luxuriant decoration usually supersedes5 what really counts. This man from Chu certainly knew how to sell a casket but he was no good at selling his pearl. And the man of Zheng didn't know which is really valuable.

(《Hanfeizi》)

买椟还珠

经典成语故事范文3

In the reign1 of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, Grand General Huo Guang was a minister who occupied a decisive position at court and was deeply trusted by the emperor. when Emperor Wudi was dying, he entrusted2 Huo Guang with the task of assisting his youngest son Liu fuelling (Emperor Zhaodi)in go verning the country. After the death of Emperor Zhaodi,Huo Guang made Liu Xun the emperor. who was Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty. Controlling the imperial government for more than 40 years ,Huo Guang had rendered fairly outstanding service to the Western Han Dynasty. After Liu Xun ascended3 the throne, he made Imperial Concubine Xu his queen. Hankering after wealth and rank, Huo Guang's wife Huo Xian tried to make her youngest daughter Chengjun the queen of Lin Xun. So ,taking the opportunity of the queen's illness, Huo Xian bribed4 a woman doctor who poisoned the queen to death. The venomous scheme was brought to light,and the woman doctor was put into jail. Huo Guang knew nothing about it beforehand, and it was not until after the event that his wife told him about it. Seized with terror, Huo Guang reproached his wife for doing such a thing, He thought of reporting his wife for her crime, but at the same time did not have the beart to have her wife punished. After much hesitation5, he conceited6 the thing offensive to God and reason in the end. After Huo Guang died,Emperor Xuandi was informed of the case. Someone was sent to investigate it. Hearing this,Huo Guang's wife discussed with her family members and trusted followers7 in order to find a way to deal with her family members and trusted followers in order to find a way to deal with the situation. Three decided8 to call the clansmen together to stage a rebellion. But the secret was divulged9. Emperor Xuandi sent troops to surround Hue's home, and all the members of Hue's family were executed. Commenting on the merits and demerits of Huo Guang, historian Ban Gu(32-92) said in "The Life of Huo Guang "in his History of the Han Dynasty that Huo Guang "had neither knowledge nor skill and did not understand the major principles". That is to say, Huo Guang did not understand the truths concerning the overall situation because he did not study and had no knowledge. The set phrase" having neither knowledge nor skill" is later used to refer to being ignorant and incompetent10.

汉武帝在位的时候,大将军霍光是朝廷举足轻重的大臣,深得武帝信任。武帝监死前,把幼子刘弗陵(昭帝)托付给霍光辅佐。昭帝去世后,霍光又立刘询做皇帝(宣帝)。霍光掌握朝政大权四十多年,为西汉王进立下了不小的功勋。

刘询承皇位以后,立许妃做皇后。霍光的妻子霍显,是个贪图富贵的女人,她想把自己的小女儿成君嫁给刘询做皇后,就乘许娘娘有病的机会,买通女医下毒害死了许后。毒计败露,女医下狱。此事霍光事先一点也不知道,等事情出来了,霍显才告诉他。霍光非常惊惧,指责妻子不该办这种事情。他也想去告发,但又不忍心妻子被治罪,前思后想,还是把这件伤天害理的事情隐瞒下来了。霍光死后,有人向宣帝告发此案,宣帝派人去调查处理。霍光的妻子听说了,与家人、亲信商量对策,决定召集族人策划谋反,不想走漏了风声,宣帝派兵将霍家包围,满门抄斩。

东汉史学家班固在《汉书·霍光传》中评论霍光的功过。说他“不学无术,暗于大理”,意思是:霍光不读书,没学识,因而不明关乎大局的道理。成语“不学无术”,指没有学问,没有本领指没有?

经典成语故事范文4

宋国有个农夫种着几亩地,他的地头上有一棵大树。一天,他在地里干活,忽然看见一只兔子箭一般地飞奔过来,猛的撞在那棵大树上,一下子把脖子折断了,蹬蹬腿就死了。这个农夫飞快的跑过去,把兔子捡起来,高兴地说:“这真是一点劲没费,白捡了个大便宜,回去可以美美地吃上一顿了。”他拎着兔子一边往家走,一边得意地想:“我的运气真好,没准明天还会有兔子跑来,我可不能放过这样的便宜。”

第二天,他到地里,也不干活,只守着那棵大树,等着兔子撞过来。结果,等了一天什么也没等到。他却不甘心,从此,天天坐在那棵大树下等着兔子来撞晕。他等呀等呀,直等到地里的野草长得比庄稼都高了,连个兔子影也没有再见到。

“守株待兔”的成语就是从这个故事来的。人们用它来比喻不想努力,而希望获得成功的侥幸心理。

经典成语故事范文5

During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), a very noble official caled Qi Huangyang lived in the State of Jin. One day, the king summoned him to court and asked, "Now that the magistrate3 position of Nanyang county is vacant, who do you think is suitable for the post?"

"Xie Hu is the right man for the job," Qi replied without hesitation4.

Surprised, the king asked, "Did you say Xie Hu? I thought he's your enemy. Why did you recommend him to take such an important position?"

Smiling, Qi Huangyang said, "Your Majesty5 didn't ask me my personal opinions o Xie Hu. You simply asked me who I thought would be competent for the position. Therefore I recommended Xie Hu.

the king followed Qi's advice and made Xie Hu magistrate of Nanyang county. And sure enough, Xie Hu administered the county very well and won respect from local people and his colleagues.

Some days later, the king again asked Qi Huangyang for his opinions. This time, the king was trying to find a suitable candidate for a court judge position. Qi Huangyiang recommended Qi Wu for the job. Once again, the king was surprised again by the recommendation because Qi Wu was the son of Qi Huangyang. The king asked: "Who do you recommend your son? Aren't you afraid people will gossip?"

Qi Huangyang replied, "Your Majesty, you asked me who was the most capable person for the position of a judge, and I think Qi Wu is."

Although the king was a bit hesitant about making Qi Wu the judge, he nevertheless gave him the position. As it turned out, Qi Wu was an upright and talented judge, who people GREatly respected.

Qi Huangyang's actions were praised by Confucius who said, "Qi Huangyang was right. He recommended people according to their abilities and talents, not because of personal sentiments, not because of fearing others' gossip. Therefore, people like Qi Huangyang are referred to as people "without selfish motives6".

From Confucious' comment came the idiom "Unselfish". Anyone who handles affairs fairly and impartially7 can be described as "Unselfish; Perfectly impartial".

大公无私

春秋时,晋国有位品格非常高尚的大臣祁黄羊。有一次,晋王召祁黄羊入宫问他:"南阳县缺个县令,你看,应该派谁去当比较合适呢?祁黄羊毫不迟疑地回答说:"解狐去,最合适了。"平公惊奇的问他:"你是说解狐? 他不是你的仇人吗?你为什么还要推荐他担任这么重要的职位?"

祁黄羊笑着说:"陛下只问我什么人能够胜任这个职位,并没有问我对解狐的个人看法呀!因此我推荐解狐。"于是,晋王采纳了他的建议,派解狐到南阳县去上任了。当然,解狐到任后,治理有方,他的同僚和当地百姓都尊敬他。

过了一些日子,平公又向祁黄羊征求意见。这回,晋王想找个合适的人选担任朝廷法官。"祁黄羊推荐了祁午。平公又奇怪起来了,因为祁午是祁黄羊的儿子。他问道:"你怎么推荐你的儿子,不怕别人讲闲话吗?"祁黄羊说:"陛下只问我谁最是合适的,我认为祁午是。"

经典成语故事范文6

关键词:中国古典园林;城市景观;形式

现代社会快速发展,现代城市景观在中国传统园林基础上得到长足发展。传统园林立足于为私人服务,而现代城市景观需要为大众服务,现代城市景观在继承、发扬传统园林时,要重视两者的有机融合。中国传统园林具有相对独立的性质,同时具有民族继承性。 中国古典园林形式已成为越来越多的都市人所追求的一种精神思想和寻根理念。江南园林的建造一直是遵循顺应自然、源于自然的思想,在世界园林的发展史中独树一帜。

1、 中国传统园林的理念及表现形式

交通条件的改善,使人们不用局限于城市之中。便捷的交通使人们能够快捷的到达郊外景区,传统古典园林作用得到削弱。中国古典园林表现自然的写意手法与传统建筑的体量及形式十分融洽,但在高楼林立的现代城市中则显得格格不入。中国古典园林对周围大环境的影响未能突破私家园林的局限性。中国古典园林虽然面对种种不利的发展条件,但它所蕴含的思想文化内涵,以及对地域性景观的认识,有助于现代人对本土景观资源和历史传统的深刻认识。

1.1、诗画同源、追求意境

中国古典园林在世界园林中独树一帜,影响深远,其一个重要特征就是园林的意境之美,使人身在园林之中,感受超越园林之外。这与中国传统诗文绘画密不可分,唐宋以来, 园林、绘画、文学同步发展,诗文、绘画对园林的影响,使园林创作中出现了"诗园"、"画园"[1]。诗文绘画把古典园林推向了更高的艺术境界,使中国古典园林更具民族特色及格调,充满诗情画意。结合中国古典园林中各要素,其诗情画意的特质无处不在。中国古典园林的所有手法,包括空间、视线、植物、小品、水体等等都是为了表达各种意境,所表达的意境是造园的立意、主题、品种和情趣的集中体现。正如古人向往的田园生活,园林之中也必定包含自然元素,园林中总是能感受到宁静致远的意境。济南的五龙潭公园,虽然规模不大,但园内假山奇石与水景、林木相互渗透,营造一种诗情画意的氛围。无论是人多还是人少,你总能在园内找到一处静心的场所。

1.2、因地制宜,步移景异

中国古典园林运用山石、植物等景观元素,丰富园林本身的"意境"。中国传统园林的空间体量有限,且地形起伏不大,为了达到视觉空间的丰富变化和深远的效果,造园家千方百计的堆山叠石,使之"高低错落、迁回曲折"。实际上,这是对景观空间层次追求一种深度和丰富变化。曲折的路径并不仅仅意味着运动路线的形态,更为重要的是它产生了步移景异的观赏效果。正如五龙潭公园内通过堆山叠石,形成曲折的园道。游人走在其中,不时会在转角处发现新的景观,比如一簇花丛,再或者一处开口,可以透过它观赏湖景,让人有一种豁然开朗的感觉。

1.3、顺应自然、源于自然

中国传统园林源自自然,推崇师法自然。中国传统园林是造园家择取最能诱发人们产生愉悦之感的山水、楼阁、树木、花草, 并且采用我国诗画创作传统手法,大胆地取舍糅合,创造出多姿多彩的既有自然之美、又不拘自然之俗的园林景物形象,兼有形美与意美于一体,它是建筑、水池、园艺、绘画、雕刻以至诗文等多种艺术的完美结合体。由此,"中国造园艺术, 是以追求自然精神境界为最终与最高目的,从而达到'虽由人作,宛自天开'的目标。"(余晓川:《中国园林艺术浅说》)古人造园好于崇尚自然,融于自然,讲究人与自然和谐统一。古园林创作大多会以模拟自然界存在的景物为主, 造园选址多在临河、略有起伏的自然地形, 因为依势为之只需略加改造便可达到造园地形的基本要求,而且能产生自然的视觉艺术效果[5]。

2、现代城市景观的理念

中国古典园林意境营造手法,是现代景观设计可以借鉴的重要资源,但现代景观设计与古典园林在时代背景、社会文化、意识形态等各方面都存在差异性[4]。手法是营造意境的具体手段,意境是非物质的想象空间, 是一种审美状态,但需要通过物质空间的营造来传达。对于意境手法的运用关系到场所空间格调的高低,所以对于手法的研究是必要的。古典园林中常用的移情、比兴、象征、隐喻等是现代景观可资借鉴的手法,但现代景观与传统园林的差异使其在意境营造中还有更多的可能性,比如将大地艺术运用到景观中,表达设计师或艺术家的某些观念和想法。城市景观包括城市花园、广场、街区、学校、私人庭院及各类公共场所。整个环境的空间设计从宏观的地方特色、自然生态到细微的环境背景、历史文化等诸多方面,都是整个城市景观设计的中心。如何从城市景观的要求出发来规划和设计出既有良好的工作、生活环境又具备独特创造性、优美的城市景观,是现代城市景观设计的重要问题[6]。

3、中国传统园林形式对现代城市景观设计的影响

中国有数千年的造园历史。从空间布局到叠山理水都有许多杰出作品。如何相地立基, 借景生情;如何小中见大,序列空间,都有许多创作手法可以学习。中国现代城市景观设计不能脱离民族的文化背景。继承和发扬中国传统的园林艺术,是现代城市景观发展的健康之路,也是水到渠成的必然结果。在中国古典园林中的传承与发扬主要体现在以下几个方面。

3.1、水景的运用

中国园林理水有动态和静态之分。着重取自然之意。塑造出湖、池、溪、瀑、泉等形式的水体。水平如镜的水面涵映出周围的湖光山色,呈现出扑朔迷离之美。古典园林中的动水,主要是指溪流及泉水、瀑布等。既呈现出水的动态之美,又以水声加强了园林的生气,如济南的趵突泉,通过涌动的泉水,营造出一种动态的美感。有的园林利用水源与水面的高差,形成瀑布景。还有的利用容器蓄水,放于高处,形成人工瀑布与叠水。通过强化水喷、涌、注、流、滴等一系列动态特征,塑造出生动的园林环境[3]古代造园家擅长运用水的倒影效果将天空云霞、树木、亭台、山石以借景的手法引入其中。使园变得宽广而深远。阿尔卡地亚小区在其入口处设置了跌水,水从一层层石质平台流入河道,气势壮观。又通过人工河道将小区景观联系在一起。

3.2、造景与借景

造景内容主要有:挖湖堆山,塑造地形;构筑亭台楼阁等建筑设施;砌叠假山奇峰,洞壑危崖;布置山谷溪涧,乱石湍流;堆砌巨石断崖,引水而下;设浅水小池,筑石山喷泉,养鱼、栽植物;布置组合形态各一的树木;以各种雕塑为构图主体。正如五龙潭利用景石假山围合走廊,并利用植被在其中穿插造景。运用园林空间营造手法,即人为设计安排空间的划分及组织、并有意识地运用多种手法来营造小中见大、层次丰富的园林空间,从而产生意境之美。正如通过这些空间处理手法,增强空间层次感,使空间关联渗透,营造小中见大的空间感受,能够留给人们更多的想象空间[2]。

4、结语

中华民族有落叶归根,尊重祖先的习惯,注重文化上的继承和文脉上的延续,在传统基础上的创新是一种方法也更易取得成功。中国古典园林的博大精深值得我们深入研究,对于我们来说有重要意义。当今社会,我们正面临着时代的变革。中国古典园林的借鉴和运用仍然具有强大的生命力,它在现代城市景观完全可以得到更广阔的发展。只有立足本土文化,将中国古典园林设计的精髓融入到现代城市景观设计中,才能创造出真正的绿色家园,为人类提供更好的生活和生存环境。

参考文献

[1]周维权. 中国古典园林史[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社,1999:122.

[2]陈从周. 中国园林鉴赏辞典[M]. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社,2000.

[3]彭一刚. 中国古典园林分析[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社,1986.

[4]邹维娜. 景观意境的研究[M]. 武汉: 华中农业大学,2004.