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舒服英文范文1
Date of Signature:____________________.
Place of Signature:____________________.
This Contract is made and entered into through friendly negotiation by and between China____________________ (hereinafter referred to as “Client”), as one party, and____________________ (hereinafter referred to as“Consultant”),as the other party, concerning the technical consultancy service of__________, under the following terms and conditions:
Article 1 Contents of Technical Consultancy Service
1.1 Whereas Client desires to obtain the technical consultancy service of from Consultant and Consultant has agreed to perform such services.
1.2 The Scope of Technical Services is defined in Appendix 1.
1.3 The Time Schedule for the Services is shown in Appendix 2.
1.4 The Manning Schedule is described in Appendix 3.
1.5 Consultant shall complete the Services within__________months from the Effective Date of this Contract and furnish the final technical service report, including drawings, designing documents, all kinds of standards and photos, within____months. Consultant shall keep aware, free of charge, Client of the latest development of similar projects and any progress made in order to improve the designing of the project.
Article 2 Both Parties' Responsibility and Liability
2.1 Client shall furnish to Consultant the pertinent data, technical service reports, maps and information available to him and shall give to Consultant the reasonable assistance necessary for carrying out of his duties. Particularly Client shall nominate a general representative who shall be available at reasonable time.
2.2 Client shall assist Consultant with the responsible authorities for obtaining visas, work permits and other documents required by Consultant to enter the country and to have access to the Site of the Project. The above expenses shall be borne by Consultant.
2.3 Consultant shall furnish a sufficient number of competent personnel to perform its obligation hereunder, in addition to those personnel specifically listed in Appendix 3. All personnel employed by Consultant in carrying out the work shall be exclusively Consultant's responsibility, and Consultant shall hold Client harmless from any claims of any kind by Consultant's personnel arising out of any acts by Consultant or its personnel in connection with the work performed hereunder.
2.4 Consultant shall provide Client all the technical technical service reports and relevant documentation within the Scope of Technical Services and within the Time Schedule of the Time Schedule for the Services.
2.5 Consultant shall assist Client＇S personnel in his country in obtaining visas and in arranging lodgings. Hotel and boarding expenses shall be borne by Client. Consultant shall supply to Client＇S personnel office space and necessary facilities as well as transportation.
2.6 Consultant shall be responsible for and shall indemnify Client and his employee in respect of injury to person or damage to property occurring in connection with the services, to the extent that such damage or injury directly results from negligence of Consultant's personnel while engaged in activities under this Contract.Consultant shall be liable only to the work under this Contract.
2.7 Any and all liability of Consultant with respect to this Contract shall be limited to the Total Contract Price received by Consultant for his profession services and shall terminate upon expiration of the warranty period set forth in Article 7.3.
Article 3 Price and Payment
3.1 The total contract price is__________(say __________________only) in________(currency). The breakdown prices of the above mentioned total contract price are as follows:
Contract Price for Item 1: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 2: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 3: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 4: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency).
3.2 The total contract price will include all the service and technology provided by Consultant. The total contract price shall be firm and fixed and shall not fluctuate with any inflation. The total contract price shall include all charges and expenses incurred by Consultant in performing his obligations both in his own country and in the People's Republic of China and includes the expenses incurred in sending the Technical Documentation to Client's office by all kinds of forms.
In the event of Force Majeure as defined in the Contract, the total contract price shall be readjusted through friendly negotiations between the parties. If Client requires services not contemplated in the Scope of Services the parties shall friendly discuss an amendment to the
total contract price. Any such amendment shall be in writing countersigned by both parties. This document shall then form integral part of the Contract.
3.3 All payments to be made by Client to Consultant under the present Contract shall be made by telegraphic transfer. In case of any payment by Client, the payment shall be effected through__________in China to _________ for the account of Consultant.
In consideration for the services provided by Consultant hereunder, Client shall effect the payment to Consultant in accordance with the following manner and percentage:
3.3.1 _______ percent (________ %) of the total contract price, i.e._____________ (Say: ________ only), shall be paid by Client to Consultant within ________ (____) days after the client has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. One (1) original and two (2) duplicate copies of Consultant's government approval, or a written statement of the competent authorities or relevant agency of Consultant's country certifying that such document is not required;
B. One (1) original and one (1) duplicate copy of Irrevocable Letter of Guarantee for advance payment issued by Consultant's Bank in favor of Client covering_______(Say:________ only), specimen of which is as per Appendix 4;
C. Five (5) copies of profoma invoice covering the total contract price;
D. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
E. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
The said shall be delivered by Consultant not later than ____days after the effective date of the ________present Contract.
3.3.2 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 1, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.3 ________ percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 2, i.e. ___________ (Say: ____________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within ________ (___) days after Licensee has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found themin order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.4 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 3, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.5 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 4, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.6 ________percent (____%) of the Total Contract price , i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
B. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.4 In case Consultant is liable for paying to Client the penalty under the Contract, Client shall have the right to deduct it from any said payment.
3.5 The banking charges of both parties incurred in China for the execution of the Contract shall be borne by Client and those incurred outside China shall be borne by Consultant.
Article 4 Delivery Schedule
4.1 The deadline for the arrival of the Technical service reports CIF _____ are:
A. Technical service report on Item 1 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
B. Technical service report on Item 2 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
C. Technical service report on Item 3 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
D. Technical service report on Item 4 : ________months after effectiveness of the Contract.
4.2 Consultant will inform Client by Fax when the Technical service reports are airmailed to Client indicating the date and number of airway bill. Client will inform Consultant when the Technical service reports have been received.
4.3 Should any document be missing or damaged during the transport Consultant shall be notified accordingly and within two (2) weeks the missing or damaged document shall be replaced by Consultant free of charge.
Article 5 Confidentiality
5.1 All data assembled, developed, compiled, reproduced, studied, and prepared in connection with the work done hereunder and furnished to Consultant by Client shall be considered confidential and shall not be divulged to any person, firm or corporation other than Client or its designated representatives. This Clause shall remain binding on Consultant notwithstanding the termination of the Contract for any reason.
5.2 Within the validity period of Contract, Both parties shall take proper measures to keep the materials or information strictly confidential. The other party shall not disclose or divulge to any third party without prior written consent of one party.
5.3 Either party shall be obliged to keep confidential any secret information of the other party which either party and its personnel may obtain or be accessible to in the course of the performance of Contract. Either party shall not make use of or disclose such secret information obtained from the other party without prior written permission issued by the other party.
Article 6 Taxes and Duties
6.1 All taxes and duties in connection with and in the execution of Contract levied by the Chinese government on Client in accordance with the tax laws of PRC shall be borne by Client.
6.2 All taxes and duties levied by the Chinese government on Consultant, in connection with and in the execution of Contract, according to Chinese tax laws and the agreement between the government of PRC and the government of Consultant's country for the reciprocal avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income shall be borne by Consultant.
Client is legally obliged to withhold, as a withholding agent, the amount of taxes pro rata each taxable payment under Contract and pay them to the relevant Chinese tax authorities. After receiving the tax receipts issued by the relevant Chinese tax authorities for the aforesaid withholding taxes, Client shall forward them to Consultant without undue delay.
6.3 All taxes and duties arising outside PRC in connection with and in the execution of Contract shall be borne by Consultant.
Article 7 Warranty
7.1 Consultant warrants that he has the experience and capability to efficiently and expeditiously perform the services in a satisfactory manner and that the services performed by him under this Contract shall be performed by competent personnel in accordance with accepted standards.
7.2 In the event of a failure of Consultant to provide to Client satisfactory services within the scope of work described in Appendix at any time for any reason within the control of the Consultant, Client may notify Consultant of such dissatisfaction. Consultant shall be afforded a period of days to correct or remedy the matter. Should Consultant within the time afforded by Client fail to correct or remedy the matter to the satisfaction of Client, all charges shall cease forthwith until such time as Consultant is able to provide satisfactory services in accordance with the Scope of work described in Appendix.
7.3 Consultant guarantees to Client that he shall, after receipt of notice from Client, promptly correct at no cost any errors in the services arising out of the negligent performance thereof.
Article 8 Ownership of Technical Service Reports
8.1 Final version of the technical service report submitted to Client and all relevant data such as maps, plans and supporting material compiled in performing the Scope of Services, shall be the property of Client. Such materials shall be sorted and indexed by Consultant prior to transmission to Client.
8.2 Consultant shall be permitted to retain copies thereof, provided however that such materials, including the material furnished by Client as stated in Article 5 of this Contract, shall not be used by Consultant for purposes not related with this Project without the prior written approval of Client.
Article 9 Assignment
9.1 Neither Client nor Consultant shall assign or sublet their rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party.
Article 10 Termination
10.1 If, due to the responsibility of Consultant, the technical service reports have not been delivered at dates according to the delivery schedules as stipulated in Article 4 of the Contract, Consultant shall be obliged to pay to Client penalty for such delay in delivery at the following rates:
A. ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week for the first four weeks;
B. _____ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week from the fifth week to the eighth week;
C. ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week from the ninth week of delay.
Odd days less than one (1) week shall be counted as one (1) week for calculating the liquidated damage.
10.2 The total liquidated damage for late delivery shall not exceed ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price. Payment of the liquidated damage for late delivery shall not release
Consultant from its obligation to deliver technical service reports.
10.3 Client may, without prejudice to any other remedy for Consultant's following breach of Contract, terminate Contract in whole or in part by a written notice of default send to Consultant, if Consultant
A. Fails to deliver any or all of technical service reports within______(____) days after the scheduled delivery date as specified in Article 1; or
B. Fails to make the technical service reports meet the minimum level of Acceptance Standards as specified in Appendix 1.
Consultant shall refund to Client all the payments effected by Client to Consultant plus an interest at the rate of______ percent (____%) per annum in case of such a termination.
10.4 Either party may, without prejudice to any other remedy, terminate Contract in whole or in part by a written notice send to the other party, if the other party.
A. fails to perform its confidentiality obligation under Contract; or
B. fails to perform any other obligations under Contract except minor parts thereof, and does not remedy for its failure within a period of______ (____) days upon receipt of the written notice or a period agreed upon between the parties; or
C. becomes bankrupt or insolvent; or
D.Affected by any event of Force Majeure for more than ______ days.
Article 11 Force Majeure
11.1 Should either party be prevented from performing any of its obligations under Contract due to event of Force Majeure, such as war, serious fire, typhoon, earthquake, flood and any other events which could not be expected, avoided and overcome, the affected party shall notify the other party of its occurrence by fax and send by registered airmail a certificate issued by the competent authorities or agency within fourteen (14) days following its occurrence.
11.2 The affected party shall not be liable for any delay or failure in performing any or all of its obligations due to the event of Force Majeure. However, the affected party shall inform the other party by fax the termination or elimination of the event of Force Majeure without delay.
11.3 Both parties shall proceed with their obligations immediately after the cease of the event of Force Majeure or removal of the effects. The validity period of Contract and/or the scheduled period for relative execution of Contract shall be extended correspondingly.
Article 12 Arbitration
12.1 Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission，Shenzhen Commission for arbitration in accordance with the Commission's arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties and the applicable law is the material law of P.R.C.
12.2 Notwithstanding any reference to arbitration, both Parties shall continue to perform their respective obligations under the Contract unless otherwise agreed.
Article 13 Language and Standards
13.1 Correspondance except this Contract between Client and Consultant, data and documents made available by Client to Consultant and the technical service reports and drawings prepared by Consultant shall be in the English language.
13.2 Measures shall be written in the metric system.
Article 14 Governing Law
14.1 The construction, validity and performance of this Contract shall be governed by the laws of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter 15 Effectiveness of the Contract and Miscellaneous
15.1 Both parties shall make effort to obtain the approval from the respective authorities, if necessary, within thirty (30) days after Contract is signed by the authorized representatives of the two parties. Either Party shall notify in writing the other party of the approval date. The later date of approval shall be taken as the Date of Effectiveness of Contract.
15.2 Contract shall be valid and remain in force for_______(____) years from the Date of Effectiveness.
15.3 The outstanding credit and debt between the parties under Contract shall not be affected upon the termination or expiration of Contract.
舒服英文范文2
关键词：课文复述;具体实施;纠错
一、课文复述在英语教学中的意义
1.英语教学实际的需要
人教版教材以话题为单位，在教材处理上教师往往着重文章的分析，知识点的讲解，为此占用了大量的课堂时间;而单词的背诵、知识点的记忆也花费了学生大量的时间和精力，教师疲于讲，学生疲于记，可时隔两单元学生对于学过的内容非常模糊，甚至毫无印象。高中教材阅读篇幅长，不适于整篇背诵;选择段落背诵又割裂了文章的整体性。
2.符合新课标的要求
《义务教育英语课程标准》对学生的语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识都提出了更高的要求。复述课文有利于培养学生的综合语言运用能力。
二、教学中的具体实施
1.最简单的“原汁原味”
摘选好的原句便于学生理解知识点的使用和句式的模仿。
例：必修一Unit 1 Anne’s best friend
I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I have grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
2.图片复述法
例：必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes第一段描述地震前自然界的反常景象，如闪电，井沿裂缝，井水上溢。Pre-reading恰好有符合课文描述的图片。第二、三、四段描述地震后破坏和救援的情景，我下载汶川大地震的图片配合关键词如ruins， be injured， be destroyed等帮助学生完成复述。
3.表格复述法
即用表格呈现文章脉络，适用于说明类文章如必修3 Unit1 Festivals around the world介绍古代节日的起源，涉及节日名称多，文化背景知识繁多，适宜设计表格帮助学生理解文章并完成复述。
4.关键词提示法
对于课文结构脉络不太明显，内容又多的文章，可提取关键词帮助学生把握主旨大意，像必修一Unit 4 Earthquake文章可分地震前（预兆）、中（毁坏）、后（救援），分别让学生找名词、数字、动词进行复述。
5.线索复述法
对于以时间，地点转移或故事发展为线索的文章，如必修2 Unit 3 computer可根据时间线索完成计算机发展史的复述。
6.流程图记忆法
如必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relics介绍俄罗斯稀世珍宝琥珀屋。可用流程图呈现几位国王对琥珀屋的不同用途，以协助记忆完成复述。
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7.故事接龙复述法
适用于情节较强的记叙文，例：必修3 Unit 3 healthy Eating 综合技能涉及牛郎织女的故事可以用此方法复述。
8.角色扮演复述法
如必修2 Unit 2 the Olympic Games 中The Story of Atlanta讲述希腊经典神话故事，学生扮演公主Atlanta，年轻人Hippomenes和国王，兴趣盎然地完成了文章复述，甚至续演了故事结局。
三、复述应注意的问题
1.授予方法，正确引导
教师协助学生理清文章脉络，从整体上认识文章，如帮助学生找出文章主题句或通过上下文内在含义归纳大意等。
2.不同层次，不同内容，区别对待
也就是不同层次的学生要有不同的复述要求。不同的教学内容要用不同的复述形式，实现因材施教。
3.适时纠错，给予信心
学生复述过程中出现的错误不要中途打断，等复述完毕后更正;尽量采用间接方法纠错，以免挫伤学生积极性，多鼓励、表扬，给学生创造体验成功的机会。
4.注意合作，提高效率
融洽的师生关系是有效教学的前提，教师在学生复述时，要善于察言观色，注意师生之间的密切配合，让学生各抒己见，互相探讨。
复述课文有利于促进“师―生―教材”三位一体。课文复述为学生提供了锻炼语言表达能力的机会和展示自我的舞台。通常，学生都有较强的表现欲，渴望老师和同学们的认可和赏识。通过不断的复述实践，他们会渐渐爱上这个舞台，进而提高学习英语的积极性和自信心。课文复述是促进英语学习的有效方法，这种综合性强而又富有创造性的活动形式，教师在平常教学过程中合理地加以利用，对于培养学生言语表达能力是十分重要的。
舒服英文范文3
目的：观察术中温生理盐水冲洗腹腔对妇科腹腔镜手术病人术后康复的影响。方法：将76例妇科腹腔镜手术病人随机分为实验组和对照组各38例，实验组病人术中用恒温箱中38 ℃生理盐水冲洗，对照组病人术中按常规给予室温下保管的生理盐水冲洗。比较两组病人术中体温变化、术后排气情况、术后创口及肩部疼痛程度以及住院时间，并作统计学处理。结果 ：实验组术中体温稳定、术后排气出现早、疼痛评分低、不适主诉少，与对照组比较，差异有显著性。结论：术中温生理盐水冲洗能更有效地促进妇科腹腔镜手术病人的术后康复。
【关键词】 妇科 腹腔镜手术 腹腔冲洗 术后康复
与开腹手术比较，腹腔镜手术以其手术效果好、患者痛苦少、恢复快、微创等优点得到日益广泛的应用，并有取代开腹手术之趋势。但其手术的重大心理、生理应激、二氧化碳气腹状态下的压力影响、术后疼痛不适、术后并发症等仍然是影响病人恢复的重要原因。为了改善上述情况，从而更好的促进腹腔镜病人的术后康复，我院通过对妇科腹腔镜病人术中用室温下生理盐水和恒温箱中38 ℃生理盐水冲洗的比较研究，探讨后者的临床价值。现将结果报告如下。
1 临床资料
1.1 一般资料 自2007年3月-2008年2月间，选取本院妇科因附件巧克力囊肿、畸胎瘤行腹腔镜手术的病人76例（均系同一位医师主刀），年龄17～53岁。随机分为观察和对照组各38例，实验组术中用恒温箱中38 ℃生理盐水冲洗，对照组术中按常规给予室温下保管的生理盐水冲洗。两组病人在年龄、手术前准备、麻醉方式、手术操作方法、手术时间、术中用气量、术后处理及手术种类等方面差异均无显著性，术前肝肾功能正常，无重大心肺疾患及代谢紊乱。两组病人在腹腔镜手术结束前均行盆腔彻底冲洗，冲洗液量为1 000～4 500 mL。
1.2 方法 将手术室温度控制在24 ℃，相对湿度为40%～60%。手术采用气管插管全身麻醉，二氧化碳气腹压力设定为13 mmHg，手术为头低脚高位。实验组病人术中用恒温箱中38 ℃生理盐水冲洗，对照组病人术中按常规给予室温下保管的22～24 ℃生理盐水冲洗。
1.3 观察项目 ①术前、术毕体温比较；②术后肠蠕动恢复时间；③腹部、肩部疼痛评分（采用数字分级法NRS，将疼痛程度从轻到重分为0～10分，由病房责任护士评估）；④并发症发生情况及住院时间，并发症包括麻醉意外、电热损伤、血管损伤、脏器损伤等。
1.4 统计学处理方法 采用t检验。
2 结果
2.1 手术前后的体温变化 见表1。
2.2 术后排气时间、疼痛评分及住院时间 见表2。
2.3 并发症发生情况 仅对照组发生1例肠管损伤，经外科医师会诊后予以修补，术后延长禁食时间，恢复良好。
3 讨论
3.1 手术前后的体温变化 手术对病人是一种重大的心理、生理应激过程，心理上的恐惧和生理上的创伤直接影响病人的术后康复。围手术期常发生低体温（34 ℃
有研究表明，加强围手术期低体温护理如输注加温液体、手术台铺电热毯等，也有报告前列腺电切或膀胱肿瘤电切时加温冲洗液后冲洗膀胱，可改善病人低体温及凝血功能障碍等。而本研究中的大量温生理盐水冲洗腹腔减少了病人热量的丢失，维护了肠腔的正常体温，使病人术中生命体征稳定，术后寒战发生率降低。
3.2 排气时间、疼痛评分及住院时间比较 手术后疼痛是伤害性刺激如组织损伤及疾病本身病理改变所引起的一种机体反射性的复杂的生理反应和感知，是手术操作造成的直接组织损伤、神经损伤和继发于组织损伤后炎症反应传入的结果，造成机体各系统一系列的病理生理改变和心理、行为的变化，从而直接影响病人术后的恢复情况。腹腔镜术后疼痛的组成复杂，包括腹壁伤口痛、深部脏器痛及肩痛三种类型。而大量的温生理盐水彻底冲洗盆腔，可以清除血液、渗出物、异物、电灼后的坏死物，特别对畸胎瘤中的脂肪组织起溶解作用，利于清除，防止脂肪组织黏附于肠管上，进而减轻炎性反应，冲洗液进入体内时的温度与体温大致相等，刺激降低，使病人术后疼痛减轻。反复盆腔冲洗还可使腹腔压力忽高忽低，造成膈肌反复紧张-松弛-紧张活动，这类似于放松肌肉的活动，也可使上腹及肩部疼痛减轻[3]。而38 ℃生理盐水对肠腔体温的维护，加上炎性反应的减轻，疼痛评分的降低，有利于病人的早期活动，使术后肠麻痹发生率大大降低，从而有利于肠蠕动提早恢复。
结果发现，上述措施有效地防止了腹腔镜病人术中体温下降和热能丢失，保持术中体温恒定，使术后排气时间提早，疼痛减轻，有利于正常饮食、活动，并可早日康复出院。但对于腹腔镜下卵巢肿瘤剥出术病人，在病灶剥出后卵巢表面凝血过程中，应予以冷生理盐水冲洗以冷却卵巢表面组织，保护卵巢剩余组织的功能。
参考文献
[1] 赵书娥，尹灵朔，赵莉.围手术期低温及其护理[J].国外医学:护理学分册，1999，18(1):12-13.
舒服英文范文4
2. do you do?
3. grade are you in ?
4. are you going ?
5. your last name ?
6. is your English teacher ?
7. are you going to buy for your daughter?
8. books are there on the desk? Daniel’s.
9. books are there on the desk? Three.
10. are you? 13.
11. is it? Sixty yuan.
12. is it now? It’s 7:00p.m.
13. can I go to the cinema? By bus.
14. one is yours? The yellow one.
15 is your mother? She is well.
16. milk is there in the glass? A little.
17. is on duty today?
18. is the girl under the tree?
19. is your new coat? Black.
20. do you do your homework every day? For two hours.
21. shall we leave? What about 8:00a.m.
舒服英文范文5
一、复习目标
1、通过复习将小数四则运算加以系统整理，加深理解小数的意义、性质，小数乘法和除法的意义，熟练地进行小数乘法和除法的笔算和简单的口算，进一步提高整数、小数四则混合运算的能力。
2、会用字母表示数，表示常见的数量关系，初步理解方程的含义，会解简易方程。
3、在掌握用算术方法解应用题的基础上，会列方程解两、三步计算的应用题，能够根据应用题的具体情况灵活地选用算术解决和方程式的解法。
4、在复习过程中，能根据解决问题的需求，收集有用的信息，进行归纳、类比与猜测、发展初步的合情推理能力。能表达解决问题的过程并尝试解释所得的结果。体验数学与日常生活密切相关，认识许多实际问题可以借助数学方法来解决，并可借助数学语言来表述和交流。
二、复习题型
（一）基础知识
1、填空。2、判断。3、选择。
（二）计算。
1、口算。2、竖式计算及验算；3、简便计算；4、小数四则混合运算；5、解简易方程；6、文字题。
（三）操作部分。
1、公顷与平方千米。2、测量的有关知识。3、实际应用。
（四）应用题
1、解题思路。2、列方程解应用题或算术方法解应用题。3、适当加深题。
三、复习策略建议
1、强化目标意识。复习时要树立目标意识，在认真学习新课程标准，钻研教材的基础上，能结合本班学生实际，在教材的知识结构和学生认知结构的结合点上下力气，花功夫。复习时既有共同基本要求，又有“一把钥匙开一把锁”的个别辅导，从而真正使所有学生通过系统的复习，使知识得到巩固，数学素质得到提高。
2、在复习计算部分时，既要重视基础知识的基本技能，又不能停留在让学生死记硬背、照搬硬套。而应该看作是训练思维，发展智能，激发兴趣，培养正确学习习惯的过程。（1）重视口算。（2）弄清算理与法则。（3）掌握运算定律与性质：复习时应引导学生进行归类，弄清使用的前提条件，同时要求学生能自觉地根据题目结构的特征进行简算。（4）在复习过程中，要注意根据新课程标准的要求把握尺度。先澄清学生对运算法则、性质、定律等基础知识方面的模糊认识，再组织练习，老师应不断了解反馈信息，及时点拨评讲。一方面使学生经常体验到成功的喜悦，激发复习计算知识的兴趣，另一方面能针对学生的缺陷帮助剖析错因，教给纠正方法，减少出现类似失误。
3、复习土地面积计算时：（1）沟通联系形成网络，应帮助学生把零散的几何知识纵横沟通起来。形成一个合理的几何系统，以便学生从整体结构来认识单个知识。（2）深化理解，提高能力，领悟数学思想，会联系生活经验对结果进行估算检验。（3）操作实践、动手操作技能是学生的薄弱环节，复习时应指导学生正确使用有关工具，掌握正确的操作方法。新晨
4、复习简易方程时：（1）用字母表示数，复习时先明确“字母”和“数”的含义。（2）解简易方程：辨析等式与方程，方程的解与解方程等有关概念，掌握四则运算之间的关系。（3）列方程解应用题：复习时，要让学生抓住特点，理清一般解题步骤注意与算术解法的区别。解题时要注意方法的灵活性。
舒服英文范文6
一、肥力不足
土壤有机质含量减少，是作物生长早衰的原因之一，影响早熟增产。地膜覆盖能使多种作物增产30~50％，是一种“护根栽培”，实际上也是一种“消耗促进栽培”，有投入才能有产出。因此，地膜覆盖要增施有机肥，秸秆还田，并要求施入迟效性肥料及磷、钾肥（做基肥一次性施入），保持肥力，提高地力，才能使地膜覆盖获得长期稳定的增产增收效果。基肥不足，有机肥减少，而且又没有强调适当深施环节，势必使土壤肥力下降，地膜覆盖的增产作用也就难以正常发挥。
二、整地粗放，底墒不足
种子发芽出土及植株根系生长需要充足的水分，如整地不细，作畦粗糙，坷垃多，毛细管作用差，土壤含水量不足，虽然地温增高，土壤疏松，但种子同样难以萌发出土，严重时会推迟出苗期或缺苗断垄。如播种前发现土壤含水量低于15％时，就要考虑灌水造墒再整地，同时切实做到耕地、作畦、覆膜及镇压等各个环节连续作业，防止散湿跑墒，以保证种子整齐萌发出土及幼苗生长。
三、铺地膜技术
无论是先铺底膜而后播种、栽苗或先播种、栽苗而后铺地膜，两种方法各有利弊。前者好处是，铺地膜5~7天，土壤温暖而湿润有利于种子萌发快出苗齐，缺点是膜面打孔穴、播种、栽苗、封窝较费工；后者好处是，便于大面积机械化作业，比较省工，不足之处是不能充分利用播种前一段铺膜时间所获得均衡的温暖湿润的土壤环境效应，同时出苗时要及时划破膜面，操作较麻烦。选用哪种铺膜方式可根据具体情况来选择。
铺地膜时，不能紧紧地贴盖于地面，否则就会失去增温、保水、保肥的作用，而且容易被大风吹起毁膜伤苗。正确的做法是，膜与畦的配比要适当。蔬菜用膜，以膜的幅宽80~90厘米紧贴在地膜畦宽60~70厘米的地表上，顺着畦边缓坡用细土压严，两端用土埋实，并于畦的长度中间隔2米处压一小土堆，防止风吹揭膜；同时要检查膜面有无漏洞，有可用细土封闭。保护地栽培条件下，可不必将膜边压土，因为无风揭膜。
四、播种与定植期选择
地膜覆盖提高地温明显，对气温影响很小，大幅度地提早播种期和定植期，会使秧苗遭受晚霜的为害。所以播种期与定植期以晚霜过后越早越好（耐寒性蔬菜除外）。改良式地膜覆盖与地膜加小拱棚覆盖栽培的，可提前至晚霜前。
五、合理调节营养生长与生殖生长
地膜覆盖后，肥足、水多、温度高，土壤中的微生物活动提前，有机质矿化过程加速，使土壤肥力水平较高，如番茄柿等多种作物发生贪青徒长，延迟果实发育及成熟期，所以，在作物发秧期要注意控水蹲苗，促根壮秧，做好生育调节。在生育中后期要加强肥水管理，以求高产。
六、防治病虫草害
由于多种原因的影响，膜下容易滋生杂草，既消耗地力，影响蔬菜生长，又容易传播病虫害。除草的主要方法有：提高铺膜质量，严密封闭栽培孔穴，以限制杂草生长；铺膜前于畦面喷洒氟乐灵等除草剂；选用适宜的除草地膜进行覆盖；用自制的铅丝钩，扒去栽培孔穴的覆土，通过孔穴伸入草位，把杂草拖出孔穴，然后重新用土覆盖孔穴。地膜覆盖改变了田间生态环境，加快了蔬菜作物整个生育进程，病虫害的消长规律也相应发生了变化。有些病虫害受到抑制，而有些则提早发生和蔓延，所以要做好准备及时进行防治。