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sleep的过去式范文1
新课程标准明确指出，英语教学应帮助学生形成自己的学习方法和学习策略，掌握学习的方向和途径，有助于形成能力，为终身学习打下基础。词汇是英语学习的重心，激发学生学习词汇的兴趣，掌握学习词汇的方法，对英语学习意义非凡。本文具体论述采用多样化的而教学方法，提高英语教学质量的几点实践性的做法。
1. 巧用联想，实现“举一反三”
英语课程标准对学习策略进行了具体描述：借助想象和联想，发现语言规律，并用语言规律举一反三。如不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，是初中阶段教学的难点之一，这些不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式上又杂乱无章。而引导学生从不规则中找到一定的规律，并注意拓展和运用，可以使不规则动词表的记忆事半功倍。如keep―kept―kept、sleep―slept―slept；由wear 的过去式和过去分词wore和worn，而联想到tear和bear的变换形式；由go的过去式和过去分词而巧妙记忆underground的变化形式等，这样，引导学生在不规则动词表中找到规律，可以使学生对不规则动词的学习“举一反三”。
同样，学习sun的形容词是sunny、snow的形容词是snowy，让学生联想并归纳出表示天气的形容词的构成是在天气名词的后面加-y，这样，避免一个个记忆的弊端，提高单词记忆效果。
2. 巧设情境，实现“词不离句”
英语作为一门语言，语言的特点是交际性，因此，词汇教学应突出交际性，让学生掌握交际运用中学单词的方法，加强“字不离句”的意识。交际运用中加强词汇的对比或者在熟悉的人或者物中，找到比较的“切入点”而进行情境运用。
如呈现潘长江和姚明在一起比较，而通过谈论二者的不同，学习和运用词汇，诸如：Pan Changjiang is shorter /taller/funnier/younger/older/more... than...
这个情境的创设和运用，不仅有效学习和运用一些形容词，也是学习语法形容词比较级、最高级时常用的方法，可谓“一箭双雕”。
3. 巧用故事，实现“寓教于乐”
在学习语法一般过去时时，对于动词的过去式，学生们记忆起来比较麻烦，也会感到有难度。而如果教师在进行这些动词的过去式之前，不有意强调过去发生的动作，动词要用过去式，过去式的构成，又有规则变化和不规则变化，规则变化词尾加-ed，加ed的方法有四个，具体讲述四种加-ed的方法以及例词，再强调不规则变化，不规则的变化动词初中阶段将近100，要一个个记忆。
这样的教学，让学生望而生畏。而如果教师通过情景的勾勒，而教学一些动词的过去式，教师应讲故事的形式，娓娓道出故事情境，当讲到动词的过去式的时候，语速放慢，语气加强，让学生在听故事的同时，有意注意这个动词的过去式的形式，了解含义、巧用联想、注重读音和形式，可以实现“寓教于乐”之效。
如Yesterday was Sunday，Peter got up at six. He had a quick breakfast， then he went to the zoo with his friends...
在讲故事时，尽量强调yesterday、was、got、had、went等，让学生通过yesterday这个时间副词，体会出用过去式的原因，再对was、got等单词的强调，让学生感悟出这些单词分别是be、get等的形式的变化，教师边讲故事，边渗透语法的教学，注重过去式的形式，从而实现“寓教于乐”之效。
4. 注重词汇的量，坚持“循序渐进”
词汇教学的方法不止一个，方法的选择，应有助于单词的学习和记忆。约翰斯顿曾经强调“学生学习单词的空间有限”，因此，单词教学时，除了注重方法的选择，还要在“量”上稍加注意，不能一次性教学太多的单词，以5-8个为宜，否则，学生会 “囫囵吞枣”。再者，在使用联想法拓展单词时，一次也不能拓展太多，还要注意拓展的“关联性”，如果把slowly和quickly进行比较教学，告诉学生这是一对反义词，是不明智的选择，因为slowly是个兼类词，学生会造成误解，slowly的反义词是quickly，那么slow的反义词是什么的疑问会困扰他们，对于一词多义或者兼类词时，不可以一次性拓展太多，应注重“循序渐进”原则，否则，事与愿违。
“教学有法、教无定法”，注重教法的同时，关注学法的引导，让学生对单词的学习和忆，掌握和形成自己的有效的策略。教学是个不断实践、不断创新的过程，“适合的就是最好的”，词汇教学更是如此，一线的英语教师应不断丰富词汇教学方法，丰富学生的词汇量，掌握巧而实用的记单词的方法和策略，从而提高单词学习的效果，提升英语教学质量。
sleep的过去式范文2
那可以怎么做呢？
一、speculation
把歌曲的名字写在黑板上，让学生猜这歌曲的主题是什么？ 并且把他们的猜测写在黑板上，然后小组分享，班上汇总，再播放歌曲。
二、Pictures
把关于歌曲的演唱者的图片，或者和歌曲主题有关的图片放在白板上，然后让学生编关于歌曲的故事。
三、Take vocabulary from the song
随机抽取歌曲中8-10个单词，2，让学生用那些单词编撰故事，3放磁带，当学生听到他认为的新词都可以喊停，第一个猜出那个单词的学生就可以为他们组获得一分。
四、Cut the song into strips
1.首先，教师把歌曲复印剪成条，然后，一人一小张，让学生悄悄记熟他自己的句子。2.站起来和同学们分享。3.再播放歌曲。
五、Fill in the gap
1.把歌曲挖出空，让学生听歌填词。It might seem _______ what I’m about to ____ _______ she’s here， you can take ______ I’m a hot _______.2.把一些句子给出，让学生听歌排序。3.把其中几句歌词的顺序打乱，让学生听歌连线。
活动很多，只要我们根据学情开动人脑整合电脑，我们的教学资源就取之不尽。那么如何教授乏味的语法知识呢？
Modle1.一般过去式
找一个有很多一般过去时动词的歌，找出他们的动词原形，再叫学生写出一般过去式，再听歌曲填上刚才那些单词，把无意义的东西附在有意义的歌曲里，学生呢？一定比你讲喜欢得多。
InfinitivePast Tense
To have had
To tell told
To sitsat
To talk talked
To show showed
To saysaid
To awake awoke
To work worked
To light lit
To ask asked
To notice noticed
To start started
I once had a girl or should I say she once had me，
She showed me her room isn’t it good
Norwegian Wood？
She asked me stay and she told me to sit anywhere
So I looked around and I noticed there wasn’t chair
I sat on rug bilding my time drinking her wine
We talked until two then she said
It’s time for bed.
She told me she worked in the morning.
And started to laugh
I told her I didn’t crawled off to sleep in the bath
And when I awoke I was alone this bird had flown
So I lit a fire isn’t it good
Norwegian Wood？
下边是适合各种教学的歌曲：
1.教学一般现在时的： Eric Clapton （Wonderful tonight）；The Beatles （She loves you）； Bette Middler （From A Distance）
2.教学现在进行时的：Fool’s Garden （Lemon Tree）；Rod Stewart （Sailing）；Suzanne Vega （Tom’s diner）.
3.教学一般过去时的：The Beatles （Yellow Submarine）；Gloria Gaynor（I Will Survive）；Celine Dion （Because You Loved Me）
4.教学过去进行时的：John Lennon （Jealous Guy）； Oasis（Champagne Supernova ）； Aerosmith （Cryin’）.
5.教学现在完成时的：Michael Buble （Haven’t Met You Yet）； U2 （Still Haven’t Found What I’m looking for）； Chris De Burgh（Lady In Red）； Sinead O’Connor （Nothing Compare To You）； Queen （We Are The Champions）.
6.教学现在完成进行时的： Anastacia （Left Outside Alone）； Led Zeppelin （Since I’ve Been Loving You）； Foreigner （Waiting For A Girl Like You）；
7.教学过去完成时的：James Blunt （Goodbye My Lover）； Maddness（My Girl）； Simon and Garfunkel （I Had The Strangest Dream）.
8.教学used to 的：Erik Hassle（Hurtful）； Madonna （This Used To Be My Playground）； Dandy Warhols （We Used T o Be Friends）；Bruce Spring steen （The River）； Pet Shop Boys （The Way It Used To Be）.
9.教学be going to + V.的：Jamie Cullum（ Next Year Baby）； Jack Johnson（We Are Going To Be Friends）；
10.教学will + V.的：Savage Garden （Truly Maddly Deeply）；
Gloria Gaynor （I Will Survive）； The Rembrandts （I’ll Be There For You）； Whitney Houston （I’ll Always Love You）；
11.教学条件句的：Frank Sinatra （If You Go Away ）； Simply Red （If You Don’t Know Me By Now）； Cyndi Lauper （Time After Time）； Beautiful South （I’ll Sail This Ship Alone）.
12.教学虚拟语气的：Red Hot Chili Pepper（If）； The Beatles （If I Fell）and （With A Little Help From My Friends）； Eric Clapton （Tears In Heaven）；Enrique Iglesias （Hero）；Beyonce Knowles （If I Were A Boy）；Gwen Stefani （Rich Girl）； Barenaked Ladies （If I Had 1，000，000）； Hoobastank （If I Were You ）； Joan Osborne （One Of Us）； Norah Jones （Painter Song）； ABBA（Money Money Money）；Johnny Cash （If I Were A Carpenter）.
sleep的过去式范文3
1. 二者表示的动作或状态都发生在过去,但现在完成时强调的是这一动作对现在产生的影响,而一般过去时只表示这一动作发生在过去某一时刻,和现在没有任何联系｡例如:
I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了｡(主要说明现在我没有笔用｡)
He lost his pen yesterday. 他昨天把钢笔丢了｡(只说明钢笔是在昨天丢的,现在找到与否,说话人并不关注｡)
―Have you had your supper? 你吃过晚饭没有?(说话人是在问,现在你饿不饿?)
―Yes, I have. 吃了｡(意即我现在饱了,不再吃了｡)
―When did you have it? 你什么时候吃的?(说话人问的是“吃”这一动作发生在什么时间｡)
―I had it about half an hour ago. 我是大约半小时前吃的｡
2. 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语｡这就是说,现在完成时不能用来回答“when”提出来的问题｡常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有 already, just, ever, never, yet, before, in the past few years,“for+一段时间”短语以及“since+时间点”短语或 since 从句等｡例如:
I have aleady finished my homework. 我已经做完了家庭作业｡
We have just seen the film. 我们刚看过那部电影｡
He hasn’t read the novel yet. 他还没有读过这本小说｡
I’ve never been to the city before. 以前我从未去过那个城市｡
一般过去时常与表示过去时间的状语连用,如: yesterday, last month, three days ago, in 1990, just now, the other day, in the old days 和 once upon a time 等｡例如:
His father went to work early yesterday. 昨天他父亲很早去上班｡
We had a good time in the park last Sunday. 上星期天我们在公园玩得很高兴｡
She worked in that school two years ago. 两年前她在那所学校里工作过｡
I was born on April 2, 1990. 我出生于1990年4月2日｡
二､ 延续性动词的完成时与终止性动词的完成时之间的差异
have, work, study, learn, stay, keep, live, play, know, last, wait 等动词表示的动作或状态可以延续,被称为延续性动词｡
go, come, get(to), arrive, reach, open, close, start, begin, leave, finish, borrow, lend, buy, catch, stop, give, lose, join, die 等动词表示的动作或状态是短暂的､不可延续的,被称为终止性动词,终止性动词的完成时不可与表示一段时间的状语连用,也不能用在 how long 引起的特殊疑问句中,但用下列方法将终止性动词转换后,就能与表示一段时间的状语和 how long 引起的特殊疑问句连用:
1. 用相应的延续性动词来替换｡如: borrowkeep; buyhave; catch(get)a coldhave a cold 等｡试译:我买这房子已经五年了｡
误:I have bought the house for five years.
正:I have had the house for five years.
2. 转换成“be + 形容词/副词”形式｡如: beginbe on; finishbe over; leavebe away(from); diebe dead; go outbe out;试译:他自早上七点钟以后就已不在这儿了｡
误:He has left since 7:00 in the morning.
正:He has been away since 7:00 in the morning.
3. 转换成“be + 介词短语”形式｡如: come tobe in(at); go to schoolbe in school; join the armybe in the army等｡试译:他们来到这家工厂已经两个星期了｡
误:They have come to the factory for two weeks.
正:They have been in the factory for two weeks.
4. 转换成“be + 名词”形式｡如:join the Partybe a Party member等｡试译:他入党多长时间了?
误:How long has he joined the Party?
正:How long has he been a Party member?
5. 用“It is... since...”句式表示“……已经多长时间了”｡这时 since从句中的谓语动词通常为终止性动词的过去式｡例如:
It’s a month since he came here. 他来到这儿已经一个月了｡
注意:终止性动词的的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用｡例如:
He hasn’t come here for seven days. 他已经七天没有到这里来了｡
三､ have gone to, have been to 与 have been in(at)的区别
have gone to意为“去(某地)了”,指说话人已在某地或往某地途中,主语常为第三人称｡例如:
He is not here. He has gone to Beijing. 他不在这儿｡他去北京了｡
―Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里?
―He has gone to the post office. 他到邮局去了｡
have been to意为“去过或到过(某地),已经回来了”,指某人过去的经历,常与once, never, ever, several times等连用｡例如:
They have been to the Great Wall twice. 他们到长城去过两次｡
I have never been to Australia. 我从未去过澳大利亚｡
have been in(at) 意为“在某地(呆了多久)”,常和表示一段时间的短语或从句连用｡例如:
He has been in England for half a year. 他在英格兰已有半年了｡
如果不带时间状语,则是单纯地表示经历｡例如:
He has been in(=to) England. 他在英格兰呆过｡/他到过英格兰｡
[中考链接]
1. ―Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
―No, I won’t. I_______ it already.
A. saw B. have seen
C. see D. will see(2006年南京市)
2. ―Where’s your father?
―He_______Shanghai. He’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to B. has been to
C. have gone to D. have been to(2006年吉林省)
3. ―When_______you_______the bike?
―Last month.
A. have; bought B. had; bought
C. do; buy D. did; buy(2006年武汉市)
4. ―Haven’t I told you to do your homework as carefully as you can?
―Yes, but I_______fewer mistakes than I usually do.
A. was making B. have made
C. will make D. had made(2006年青岛市)
5. ―They say there’s a new restaurant nearby.
―Yes, and it_______for no more than a week.
A. has been open B. opens
C. is opening D. is opened(2006年河南省)
6. ―You are leaving your school. How do you like it?
―Very much, of course. I_______this school since I moved here.
A. have gone to B. came to
C. have been to D. have been at(2006年黄冈市)
7. My father_______on business for two weeks. He’ll return in 3 days.
A. left B. has left
C. has gone D. has been away(2006年河北省)
8. ―Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?
―I_______well last night.
A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep
C. haven’t slept D. won’t sleep(2005年北京市)
9. ―I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
―Oh, not at all. I_______ here for only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been
C. was D. will be(2005年宁波市)
10. I_______my aunt three times today but her line was always busy.
A. will phone B. phone
C. am phoning D. have phoned(2005年宁夏回族自治区)
11. ―Oh, Mrs King, your dress looks nice. Is it new?
―No, I_______it since two years ago.
A. had B. bought
C. have had D. have bought(2005年黑龙江省)
12. ―_______ you_______a ticket for the football match?
―Not yet.
A. Is; bought B. Are; bought
C. Has; bought D. Have; bought(2005年福州市)
13. ―_______ you ever_______to Beijing?
―Yes, I went there last year.
A. Have; been B. Have; gone
C. Did; go D. Are; going(2005年海南省)
14. Jack has_______for a week.
A. had cold B. had a cold
C. got a cold D. caught a cold(2005年岳阳市)
15. Someone_______the classroom. Look! How clean it is!
A. has swept B. is sweeping
C. are sweeping D. have swept(2005年云南省)
16. Tom_______a lot of friends since he came to China last year.
A. made B. makes
sleep的过去式范文4
当不定式用于 let, make, have 等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略 to。如:
Let me have another cup of tea. 给我再来一杯茶。
She had him dig away the snow. 她让他把雪挖走。
They made him tell them everything. 他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。
但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如:
他被迫一天工作20小时。
误:He was made work twenty hours a day.
正:He was made to work twenty hours a day.
注意,表示使役意义的 let 和 have 很少用于被动语态。
另外注意,force, oblige 等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带 to。如:
They forced her to sign the paper. 他们强迫她在文件上签字。
The law obliged parents to send their children to school. 法律要求父母送子女上学。
二、感觉动词与 to 的省略
当不定式用于表示感觉的动词 feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to 等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略 to。如:
We all felt the house shake. 我们都感觉这房子在震动。
I heard him go down the stairs. 我听见他下楼了。
Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?
I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。
但是,当 feel 后用作宾语补足语的不定式为 to be 时,则不能省略 to。如:
They all felt the plan to be unwise. 他们都认为这个计划不明智。
注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式的 to 不能省略。如:
They were heard to break a glass in the next door. 听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。
另外,若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式,则通常应带 to。如:
I noticed her to have come early. 我注意到她来得很早。
三、why (not) 与 to 的省略
在 why (not)...?之后的不定式不能带 to。如:
Why argue with him? He’ll never change his mind. 为什么要跟他争论?他永远不会改变自己的看法。
Why not try going by boat for a change?为什么不试着坐船去,这样也可以换换花样?
Why not wait till the winter sales to buy a new coat? 为什么不等到冬季大贱卖时再买一件新外衣呢?
四、介词 except / but 与 to 的省略
当不定式用作介词 except 或 but 的宾语时,该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有 do,不定式不带 to;其前没有 do,不定式通常带 to。如:
He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢。
It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。
There’s little we can do except wait. 除了等待,我们没有什么办法。
I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意,没有别的办法。
五、help 与 to 的省略
当动词 help 后跟一个不定式用作宾语或宾语补足语时,不定式可以不带 to,也可以带 to。如:
Can you help (to) carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
I have lost my watch. Will you help me (to) look for it?我把表丢了,你能不能帮我找找?
但是,当 help 用于被动语态时,其后的不定式必须带 to。如:
Millie was helped to overcome her fear of flying. 米利在别人的帮助下克服了飞行恐惧。
另外,当不定式为否定式时,其中的 to 通常不宜省略。如:
How can I help my children not to worry about their exams?我怎样才能帮助我的孩子们不为他们的考试着急呢?
六、know 与 to 的省略
不定式用于动词 know 之后作宾语补足语主要见于以下两类句型。
一是用于“know + 宾语 + to be”:当 know 为现在式时,其中的 to 不能省略;当 know 为过去式或完成式时,其中的 to 可以省略也可以保留。如:
I know him to be a fool. =I know(that) he is a fool. 我知道他是个傻瓜。
I’ve never known her(to) be late before. 我以前从不知道她迟到过。
二是用于“know + 宾语 + to do”:当 know 为现在式时,其中的 to 不能省略;当 know 为过去式或完成式时,其中的 to 可以省略也可以保留。如:
They know him to have been a spy. 他们知道他过去当过间谍。
I never knew him (to) do such a thing. 我从未见过他干那种事。
I’ve never known it (to) snow in July before. 我以前从未听说过七月份会下雪。
注意,在被动语态中,不定式必须带 to。如:
He has never been known to tell a lie. 从未有人听说过他说谎。
另外,当其中的不定式为完成式时,to 也不可省略。如:
They knew the man to have been a thief. 他们发现此人曾是个小偷。
I have never known her to have failed. 我从来没发现她失败过。
七、bid 与 to 的省略
当 bid 表示“吩咐”时,用于其后作宾语补足语的不定式可以带 to 也可以不带 to。如:
She bade me (to) come in. 她叫我进来。
He bade me (to) do the work. 他吩咐我去做那项工作。
但是,在当 bid 为被动语态时,其后的不定式必须带 to。如:
I was bidden to do the work. 我被嘱咐去做那项工作。
八、不定式作表语与 to 的省略
当不定式用作表语时,其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的。如:
His aim is to do two years’ work in one. 他的目标是一年干两年的工作。
This wall is to keep people out of the garden. 这堵墙为的是不让人到花园里来。
但有一种例外,那就是当主语部分有动词 do 的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略 to。如:
What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour. 你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。
All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke. 我只不过碰了一下窗户,玻璃就碎了。
九、并列不定式与 to 的省略
当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用 to,其余不定式前的 to 可以省略。如:
I’d like to lie down and (to) go to sleep. 我想躺下睡觉了。
Will you go to see the film or (to) dance?你要去看电影还是要去跳舞?
I’ll go to see him myself and (to) ask him about it. 我将亲自去看望他并问一问那件事情。
但是,如果两者有对比关系,则后面不定式前的 to 不可省略。如:
To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 尝试而失败总比不尝试好。
十、固定搭配与 to 的省略
1. let 类固定搭配:let fall (无意中说出),let fly(发射、攻击), let go (放开), let slip (放走), live and let live (自己活也让别人活)等。如:
He aimed carefully and then let fly. 他仔细瞄准之后便开了枪。
She let slip a chance to work abroad. 她错过了出国工作的机会。
The dog’s got a stick between his teeth and he won’t let go. 那狗叼着一根棍儿不松口。
I guessed what was happening from a few words she let fall. 我从她说的几句话中猜出发生什么事了。
2. make 类搭配:make believe (假装), make do (凑合着用)等。如:
sleep的过去式范文5
这篇初三英语期末考试一般现在时、进行时、过去时复习题的文章，是
一． 把下列动词变成过去式：1. study ________2. work ________3. die________ 4. tie（绑住，系）________5. buy ________6. swim ________7. skate________ 8. run________ 9. say________ 10. see________ 11 read ________12. sleep ________13. eat________ 14 drink ________15. think ________16. know ________17. help________ 18. laugh ________19. can ________20. do ________ 21. make________ 22. take________ 23. mend ________24. lend ________25. keep ________26. come ________27. go________ 28. get ________29. arrive ________30. stop ________31. jump ________32. carry ________33. move ________34. cry ________35. sell ________36. play ________37. write ________38. copy ________39. lie(撒谎)________ 40. lie(躺下)________ 41. leave ________________ 42. put____________ 43. wake__________ 44 fall ____________45 feel_______二． 把下列动词变成现在分词：1. sit ________________2. stop ____________3. take____________ 4. make ____________5. jump ____________6. study ____________7. play____________ 8. rain ____________9. lie ____________10. die____________ 11. tie ____________12. fly ____________13. go ____________14. arrive____________ 15. get ____________16. read ____________17. buy ____________18. see ____________19. be ____________20. say____________ 21. speak____________ 22. run ____________23. skate ____________24. sleep____________ 25. leave____________ 26 put____________ 27. climb ____________ 28. wake ____________29 forget_____________ 30 hope_________________三． 把下列动词变成单数第三人称1. wash____________ 2. watch ____________3, study ____________4, carry____________ 5. play ____________6. buy ____________7. see ____________8. do ____________9. go____________ 10. ____________take 11. eat____________ 12. wish ____________13. think ____________14. say ____________15. skate ____________16. write ____________17. copy____________ 18. leave ____________19. be____________ 20 guess ____________ 21. lie____________ 22. wake ____________ 23. fall ____________ 24. like _____________25. worry ____________一般现在时和现在进行时及一般过去时复习题二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _______(like) cooking.12. They _______(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _______(do) your homework well.15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_________________________2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)________________________________________________________3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)___________________________4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_____________ ______________6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_____________7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)__________________________8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)____________________________四、句型转换1.The children had a good time in the park.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑问句：________________________________________2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑问句：________________________________________3. Ann did her homework yesterday evening.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑问句：________________________________________4. Last week I read an English book.否定句：__________________________________________一般疑问句：________________________________________五、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night.So he ______ (get) up late.3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.4. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.5. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.6. There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)7. -When _______ you ________ (come) to china?-Last year.8. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?9. How many people _______ (be) there in your class last term?10.He __________(go) to school at nine yesterday .六．仿照例子写句子例：I / sing. – I am singing.1. Tom / dance. ––2. She / play. –3. Amy / read a book. –4. We / learn English. –5. They / play football. –七．用单词的适当形式填空1. I (ride) my bike now.2. Look! She (play) basketball.3. Amy and Sam (do) their homework now.4.What ______ she ______ (do) at this time?5.______ you ________ ( sing ) an English song?Yes, I am.6. We ________(study) hard these days because we’ll have a test soon.八。、 选择( )1.My English teacher thirty years old, but he younger.A. is, look B .is, looks C. am, look( )2. Jim very hard.A. studies B. study C. don’t study( )3. There twelve months in a year and Januaryfirst.A. is, comes B. are, come C. are, comes( )4. Who the kite now?A .flies B. fly C .is flying( )5. you usually to school with classmates?A. Do, comes B. does, come C. Do, come( )6. she home at six o’clock every morning?A. Do, gets B. Does. get C. Do, get
一、用过去时改写句子1．I want to play table tennis with Gan Shan.He _____________________________________________________________ .2. I surf the Internet on Saturday evening..My father _____________________________________________________________ . .3. They study English , Maths Science ,and Art.Tom _____________________________________________________________ . .4. I usually play basketball with my friends.Wang Bing _____________________________________________________________ . .5. My aunt likes growing flowers.My parents _____________________________________________________________ . .6. What do you usually do on Sundays?What _____Helen _____________________________________?7. Do Su Hai and her family have any hobbies?__________ SuHai’sfather _______ ?8 He grows beautiful flowers.We _____________________________________________________________ . .二、 把下列句子改写成否定句。1．I liked collecting animal stamps._____________________________________________________________ . .2. I usually watch TV in the evening._____________________________________________________________ . .3. She read magazines after school last week._____________________________________________________________ . .4.My uncle is taking photos now._____________________________________________________________ . .5. Jim jumped very high._____________________________________________________________ .6. He has some model ships._____________________________________________________________ . .7. They listen to music after lunch._____________________________________________________________ .8.We make model planes at five o’clock._____________________________________________________________ . .三、 把下列句子改成一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答。1．I got up at six o’clock three days ago________________________________________________________?Yes, ________________ . /No, _____________________ .2. We usually write e-mails to each other on Saturday evening.__________________________________________________________?Yes, ________________ . /No, _____________________3. They had the same hobby in 1999__________________________________________________________?Yes, ________________ . /No, _____________________4.Suhai and Su yang like listening to music after school._________________________________________________________?Yes, ________________ . /No, _____________________5.Helen watched TV last evening.__________________________________________________________?Yes, ________________ . /No, _____________________6. Gao Shan is studying English and Maths now.__________________________________________________________ ?Yes, ________________ . /No, _____________________7.My mother usually goes shopping on Sundays.__________________________________________________________ ?Yes, ________________ . /No, _____________________8.He played baseball very well four years ago.__________________________________________________________ ?Yes, ________________ . /No, _____________________四、 对划线部分提问。1.I made clothes last evening.__________________________________________________________ ?2. We want to go to the cinema with your brother.__________________________________________________________ ?3.They live in the same town.__________________________________________________________ ?4. My parents usually read books after supper.________________________________________________________ ?.5.Wang Bing surfs the Internet on Saturday afternoon.__________________________________________________________ ?6.He likes collecting animal stamps.__________________________________________________________ ?7.She usually reads science magazines on Sunday morning.__________________________________________________________ ?9.He has seven lessons every day.__________________________________________________________ ?10.My grandfather likes growing flowers..__________________________________________________________ ?五、 用所给词的适当形式填空。1.I like collecting Chinese stamps. I usually __________ ( collect) stamps.2.We __________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.3.My parents __________ ( not like) __________ (read) science magazines.4.Tom __________ ( not watch) TV after school yesterday.he __________ (like) __________ (watch) TV the week before last.5.She __________ (want) __________ (go) to the park in 2004.6.I usually __________(go) __________ (swim) after school.时态专项练习：一、 单选1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny____ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied一般现 presents for your sister last Saturday?一般现在时，现在进行时和一般过去时的比较专练一.用以上所学的3种时态填空：1.Tom _______(swim) in the river now.2. Why _______ (be) they not here yesterday?3. it's eight o'clock now. The boys _______ (watch) TV.4. She usually _______ (do) her homework in the evening.5. ----What _______your father _______ (do ) ? ----He's a worker.6.Look! Jim and Tom _______ ( run ) there.7.There _______ ( be )a desk and two chairs in Jane's room.8.I _______ (listen ) to music at seven o'clock every morning.9. ----What did they do just now? ---- They _______ (make ) birthday cards.10. When he was ten, Michael _______ ( can ) play the guitar.11. He _______ (come ) back home a hour ago.12. She _______ (visit ) the Great Wall last year.13.Ann is good at English. She _______ (speak) English very well.14. I _______ (be ) born in Fujian.15. Lucy usually _______ (take ) a bus to school, but she _______ (ride)a bike to school yesterday.二.1. Kangkang often plays basketball after school.（改为一般疑问句）_______ Kangkang often _______basketball after school?2.Lily is dancing in the gym now.（画线部分提问）_______ Lily _______ in the gym now?3. I bought some presents for my sister last Saturday.(改为一般疑问句）_______you _______ _______ presents for your sister last Saturday?
sleep的过去式范文6
一、 掌握初中英语动词的习惯用法和固定搭配
1. 归纳一系列的同意思的动词,像:看有:look see watch look at。这样归纳便于记忆。
2. 掌握常用动词习惯用法:如
(1) allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事;
(2) asked sb.(not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事;
(3) be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事。
二、 掌握动词分类及在句子中所起的作用
英语中的动词大致可分为两类:谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词顾名思义即用来作谓语的动词,可分为系动词、情态动词、助动词和实义动词(及物或不及物动词)。非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词,它是由系动词和行为动词的不定式、动名词和过去分词组成。所以我们所见到的动词的原形,单三形式,过去式,现在分词以及过去分词一般只作句子的谓语。(过去分词也可作其它成分)
三、 注意各个谓语动词作谓语时的条件及特点
在英语的句子成分中,谓语是最重要、最核心的。可以说没有谓语动词难以成句.因此有人把谓语比作英语句子的“心脏”,足见其重要性。谓语动词虽然形式多变,但是有章可循并非杂乱无章。我们对作谓语动词的条件和特点归纳如下:
1. 系动词主要指be,同时感官动词如:smell、taste、feel、sound等和一些有变化意味的动词如:grow、become、get、turn等,也具有系动词的性质和特点。系动词既可以单独作句子的谓语,构成英语有的主、系、表结构,同时也可以和行为动词的现在分词、过去分词一起作句子的谓语来构成主动语态的进行时和被动语态的各种时态。
2. 情态动词不能单独作句子的谓语,它必须同系动词或行为动词的原形一起作句子的谓语。例如:She may be a teacher. I must go now.
3. 行为动词同系动词一样,既可以单独作句子的谓语,也可以同系动词或情态动词一起作句子的谓语。谓语动词的百分之九十以上都是行为动词,由于时态和人称的不同,其形式也不同。
4. 助动词do,是最特殊的一类谓语动词,不能单独作谓语,没有意义,只有作用,即帮助的作用。它是用来帮助单独的行为谓语动词完成其否定形式和疑问形式。特点是它的形式常和上文行为动词的形式一致、其位置应位于行为动词之前、其后应用行为动词的原形。例如:She goes to school by bus everyday.(改为否定句及一般疑问句)应为:She doesn’t go to school by bus everyday. 和 Does she go to school by bus everyday?
四、 注意两种非谓语动词作句子相同成分时的差异相互联系(难点)
初中阶段的非谓语动词主要指动词不定式和动名词,它们除了不能作谓语以外,但可作其他成分,我们主要要理清二者之间的区别与联系:
(一) 掌握不定式和动名词的性质和在句子中充当成分上的异同
1. 不定式既有动词的一些特征,又具有名词、形容词、和副词的句法功能,因此,不定式在句中作:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、独立成分。
2. 动名词,顾名思义,既有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能,因此,动名词在句中作:主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语。
(二) 不定式和动名词在句子中充当相同成分的比较
1. 作主语时的比较
不定式作主语时我们习惯用it作形式主语,将其真正的主语置于句后,目的是避免句子的“头重脚轻”;而动名词作主语时,常常采用动名词直接作主语的形式。二者作主语的相同之处在于,谓语动词的单复数都是由动词的多少决定的。例如:It is helpful for you to read many books. Reading many books is helpful for you.
2. 作表语时的比较
不定式与动名词作表语一般可以互换使用,在意义上没有多大差别,且其形式差异较大,很容易把握,如:
① My job is to teach the students English.
② My job is teaching the students English.
3. 作定语时的比较
不定式作定语时,常位于所修饰词之后,同所修饰词之间构成了逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:I have many things to do tomorrow中的to do和 thing之间可构成do things 这样的动宾关系;动名词作定语时,常位于所修饰词之前,用来说明所修饰词的用途和功能。例如:This is the biggest reading room in our city. reading在此说明了room的用途是用来阅读的。
4. 作宾语时的比较
不定式做宾语,一般表示的是具体的情况,而动名词作宾语,一般表示的是习惯性的动作。动词的宾语是由不定式作还是由动名词作是由动词决定的,具体可分为三种:大部分动词要求用不定式作其宾语,
(1) 不定式作宾语时:有下列动词可跟不定式:要求选择同意类动词(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习类动词(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道类动词(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意类动词(wish, want, would like / love)。如:We decided to talk to some students about why they go there;动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如:Could you please tell me where to park my car?;动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语――动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如:I find it difficult to remember everything.
(2) 有些及物动词后面只能接动名词作宾语,这样的及物动词不多,主要是:mind, admit, advise void, face, enjoy, finish, excuse, imagine, escape, include, keep, pardon, practice, risk, miss, stand(忍耐,忍受), deny, suggest, give up, put off, can’t help(禁不住), set about, prevent, prevent sb. from, object to(反对),insist on 等。如: The boy insisted on going to Beijing with his father for a tour.
(3) 有些及物动词的宾语可用不定式,也有可用动名词,可分两种情况:
① 意义基本一样,如like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, cease, attempt, afford, prefer, delay, omit, neglect, propose,等。如:
Marx started working(=to work) hard to improve his English.
五、 掌握动词时态和语态
(一) 动词的时态
初中英语的动词时态主要有五种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时。
1. 一般现时的用法:主要由动词原形表示,但在第三人称单数时要在词尾加s。否定句和疑问句要用助动词do, does.
A. 经常性或习惯性的动作。如The trees get green in spring.
B. 现在特征或状态。如The Changjiang River is the longest in our country.
C. 普遍真理。如The sun rises in the east . Five and two in seven.
2. 现在进行时: 现在进行时是由助动词be 的人称形式加现在分词构成。
主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。如:Where are they swimming? They are swimming in the river.
有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work sleep, stay, play, do, have, wear...
如:She is coming to see me tomorrow.
3. 一般将来时:主要表示将要发生的动作或情况。
由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。/be going to加动词原形构成
It wont rain tonight. I shall meet you at the station.
4. 一般过去时:由动词的过去式表示。
表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作或情况。包括过去习惯性动作。如;
Did you knock at the door just now?/He finished reading the book yesterday.
5. 现在完成时:由have的人称形式加过去分词构成
A. 到现在为止已经完成的动作。如:I have lent my book to Ann.
B. 从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。如:She has lived here since 1991.从一九九一年起她就住在这里。
6. 时态常用的时间副词
一般现在时every(year, otherday, twodays, week, month...), often, always, usually, sometimes, in the morning, in summer, on Sunday
一般过去时last week, just now, yesterday, yeaterday morning, the day before yesterday, then, at that moment,(a few days)ago,
一般将来时tomorrow, next month, in two days,
现在进行时now
现在完成时since, for(one year...), just, already, yet, in the last five years, ...before.so far
(二) 动词语态
1. 主动语态:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时,谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。
(1) 一般现在时:You are required to do this.
(2) 一般过去时:The story was told by her.
(3) 一般将来时:The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
(4) 现在进行时:The road is being widened.
(5) 过去进行时:The new tool was being made.
(6) 现在完成时:The novel has been read.
(7) 过去完成时:He said that the work had been finished.
(8) 过去将来时:He said that the trees would be planted soon.
2. 被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Be有人称,数量和时态变化。
(1)一般现在时:be(is am are)+及物动词的过去分词
(2)一般过去时:be(was were)+及物动词的过去分词
(3)情态动词的过去分词:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
(4) 一些特殊的被动结构
① 带情态动词的被动结构:The problem must be solved soon.
② 带不定式的被动结构:The room is going to be painted.
(5) 短语动词的被动:
① (不及物)动词+介词:若这类短语动词是及物性的,则可用于被动语态中,如:laugh at, look after, talk about, think of等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中,如:book up, look down等。
② (及物)动词+副词:bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等。
③ 动词+副词+介词:do away with, face up to, give into, look down upon, make up with等。
④ 动词+名词+介词:catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire/light to, take notice of等。
(6) 主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有:
① 主动形式,这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。
The children need looking after.
② 有些及物动词后须加副词(如:well, easily等),有些可不加,如:act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell, shut, strike, wash, write等。
The cloth washes/ sells well.
③ 形容词worth后直接加动名词时,如:The book is worth reading twice.
某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
The fish is not fit to eat.
④ 某些感官动词(如:feel, look, prove, smell , sound, taste, wear等)与形容词连用时:The water feels very cold.
The dish tastes delicious.